DUBLINERS by James Joyce

DUBLINERS by James Joyce

2014. 9. 27. 12:33ㆍ카테고리 없음

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Dubliners by James Joyce

1. THE SISTERS

THERE was no hope for him this time: it was the third stroke. Night after night I had passed the house (it was vacation time) and studied the lighted square of window: and night after night I had found it lighted in the same way, faintly and evenly. If he was dead, I thought, I would see the reflection of candles on the darkened blind for I knew that two candles must be set at the head of a corpse. He had often said to me: "I am not long for this world," and I had thought his words idle. Now I knew they were true. Every night as I gazed up at the window I said softly to myself the word paralysis. It had always sounded strangely in my ears, like the word gnomon in the Euclid and the word simony in the Catechism. But now it sounded to me like the name of some maleficent and sinful being. It filled me with fear, and yet I longed to be nearer to it and to look upon its deadly work.

Old Cotter was sitting at the fire, smoking, when I came downstairs to supper. While my aunt was ladling out my stirabout he said, as if returning to some former remark of his:

"No, I wouldn't say he was exactly... but there was something queer... there was something uncanny about him. I'll tell you my opinion...."

He began to puff at his pipe, no doubt arranging his opinion in his mind. Tiresome old fool! When we knew him first he used to be rather interesting, talking of faints and worms; but I soon grew tired of him and his endless stories about the distillery.

"I have my own theory about it," he said. "I think it was one of those ... peculiar cases .... But it's hard to say...."

He began to puff again at his pipe without giving us his theory. My uncle saw me staring and said to me:

"Well, so your old friend is gone, you'll be sorry to hear."

"Who?" said I.

"Father Flynn."

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1. 姉妹 들

이번에는 그에게 희망(希望)이 없었다. 세 번째 졸도(卒倒)였기 때문이다. 밤마다 나는 그 집을 지나면서 (마침 放學 때였다) 불이 켜진 네모난 창문을 살펴보았다. 그리고 매일 밤 나는 한결 같이 불이 희미하고 차분하게 켜져 있는 것을 보았다. 만일 그분이 돌아가셨다면 캄캄한 커튼에 촛불이 反射되는 것을 볼 수 있으리라 생각했다. 왜냐하면 두 자루의 양초를 사체(屍體)머리맡에 세워 두게 되어 있음을 나는 알고 있었기 때문이다. "나는 오래 살지 못할 거야"라고 그분은 내게 가끔 말했지만, 나는 그분의 말을 부질없는 것이라고 생각했었다. 이제야 나는 그 말이 참말임을 알았다. 매일 밤 그 창문을 자세히 쳐다볼 때, 나는 마비(痲痺)라는 말을 혼자 조용히 중얼거렸다. 이 말은 유클리드 기하학에 나오는 노몬2)이란 말이나 교리문답서(敎理問答書)의 성직매매(聖職賣買)란 말처럼 언제나 이상하게 들렸다. 그러나 지금 이 말은 어떤 해롭고 죄(罪)많은 존재의 이름처럼 내게 들렸다. 이 말은 나를 공포(恐怖)로 가득 채웠다. 그러면서도 나는 그 죽음에 한층 가까이 다가가 그 치명적(致命的)인 위력을 들여다보고 싶었다.

내가 저녁식사를 하려고 아래 충으로 내려갔을 때, 코터 영감은 담배를 피우며 난로(煖爐)가에 앉아 있었다. 아주머니가 나에게 오트밀을 국자로 퍼주고 있는 동안, 그는 아까 하던 이야기로 되돌아가듯 이렇게 말했다.

"아니, 그가 꼭 그렇다는 것은 아니지만‥‥‥ 좀 괴상한 데가 있었소‥‥‥ 좀 수상한 데가 있었단 말입니다. 내 생각으로는‥‥‥‥

그는 틀림없이 마음속으로 자신의 생각을 가다듬고 있는 듯 파이프를 뻐끔뻐끔 빨기 시작했다. 넌더리나는 바보 영감 같으니라고! 우리가 처음 그를 알게 되었을 때, 하등품(下等品)알콜이니 증류기(蒸溜器)의 나선관(螺線管) 이야기를 하면서 우리를 오히려 재미있게 해주곤 했었지. 그러나 나는 그의 사람 됨됨이나 그가 증류(蒸溜) 양조장에 관해서 끊임없이 이야기하는 것이 이내 싫증나기 시작했다.

"그 점에 대해서 나 나름대로의 이론(理論)을 갖고 있긴 해요."

그는 말했다. '내 생각으로는 거 있잖소‥‥‥ 별난 병 중의 하나란 말이오‥‥‥ 하지만 말하기 곤란해‥‥‥‥

그는 자신의 생각을 끝내 우리에게 말하지 않고 다시 파이프를 뻐끔뻐끔 빨기 시작했다. 나의 아저씨는 내가 그를 빤히 쳐다보고 있는 것을 보고 내게 말했다.

"글쎄, 너의 늙으신 친구분께서 돌아가셨으니 섭섭하겠구나."

"누구요 ?" 나는 물었다.

"플린 신부말이야."

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1) 간호원 또는 수녀들도 아일랜드에서는 이렇게 불림.

2) 平行사변형에서 한 각을 포함하는 그 닮은꼴을 떼어 낸 나머지 꼴.

"Is he dead?"

"Mr. Cotter here has just told us. He was passing by the house."

I knew that I was under observation so I continued eating as if the news had not interested me. My uncle explained to old Cotter.

"The youngster and he were great friends. The old chap taught him a great deal, mind you; and they say he had a great wish for him."

"God have mercy on his soul," said my aunt piously.

Old Cotter looked at me for a while. I felt that his little beady black eyes were examining me but I would not satisfy him by looking up from my plate. He returned to his pipe and finally spat rudely into the grate.

"I wouldn't like children of mine," he said, "to have too much to say to a man like that."

"How do you mean, Mr. Cotter?" asked my aunt.

"What I mean is," said old Cotter, "it's bad for children. My idea is: let a young lad run about and play with young lads of his own age and not be... Am I right, Jack?"

"That's my principle, too," said my uncle. "Let him learn to box his corner. That's what I'm always saying to that Rosicrucian there: take exercise. Why, when I was a nipper every morning of my life I had a cold bath, winter and summer. And that's what stands to me now. Education is all very fine and large.... Mr. Cotter might take a pick of that leg mutton," he added to my aunt.

"No, no, not for me," said old Cotter.

My aunt brought the dish from the safe and put it on the table.

"But why do you think it's not good for children, Mr. Cotter?" she asked.

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"그분께서 돌아가셨어요?"

'여기 코터 영감님이 우리에게 말씀하셨잖아. 방금 그 집 앞을 지나오셨단다."

나는 좌중(座中)의 시선을 한 몸에 받고 있다는 것을 알고, 마치 그 소식에 별반 관심이 없다는 듯 계속 먹기만 했다. 아저씨가 코터 영감에게 설명했다.

"이 애와 그분은 대단한 친구 사이였지요. 노인께서는 이 애한테 참 많은 걸 가르쳐 주셨지요, 아시겠어요. 그리고 사람들이 말하기를 그분은 이 애한테 큰 기대를 걸고 계셨다고 해요."

"하느님, 그분의 영혼(靈魂에 자비(慈悲)를 내리소서!" 아주머니가 경건하게 말했다.

코터 영감이 나를 잠시 쳐다보았다. 나는 그의 작고 묵주(黙珠)처럼 까만 눈이 나를 살피고 있음을 느꼈으나, 구태여 접시에서 눈을 떼어 그를 쳐다봄으로써 그를 만족시키고 싶지는 않았다. 그는 다시 파이프를 빨기 시작했다. 그러다 마침내 벽난로 아궁이 속에 아무렇게나 침을 뱉었다.

"나 같으면 자식들을 그렇게 내버려두지 않았을 것이오." 그는 말했다. "그런 사람과 마구 이야기하게 하는 것 말씀이야."

"그건 무슨 뜻이죠, 코터씨?" 아주머니가 물었다.

"내 말은," 코터 영감이 말했다. '애들한테 나쁘단 말입니다. 내 생각에는 어린애는 자기 또래의 다른 애들과 마구 뛰놀도록 내버려둬야지 그러지 않고는‥‥‥ 어때, 내 말이 옳지 않소, 재크?" "제 원칙도 그렇습니다." 아저씨가 말했다. "아이들은 제 분수를 지킬 줄 알도록 해야 해요.

이건 내가 언제나 이 장미십자회원(薔薇十字會員)3)한테 말하고 있는 것이지요. 운동을 하라고 말입니다. 글쎄, 내가 어렸을 때는 겨울이고 여름이고 매일 아침 냉수욕을 했답니다. 그 때문에 내가 지금 이렇게 건강하단 말이에요. 수양이란 모두 정말 훌륭한 것이지요‥‥‥ 코터 영감님께 이 양(羊)다리 고기를 좀 드시게 하구려." 그는 아주머니에게 덧붙여 말했다.

"아니, 아니, 난 됐어요." 코터 영감이 말했다.

아주머니는 찬장에서 접시를 꺼내 식탁위에 놓았다.

"하지만 왜 그것이 아이들한테 좋지 않다고 생각하세요, 코터씨?“ 그녀가 물었다.

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3) 근세 유럽에 있었던 신비주의적 국제비밀결사의 회원. 그들은 세속적 관심에서 탈피하여 일종의 심미론을 그 이상으로 삼았음.

"It's bad for children," said old Cotter, "because their mind are so impressionable. When children see things like that, you know, it has an effect...."

I crammed my mouth with stirabout for fear I might give utterance to my anger. Tiresome old red-nosed imbecile!

It was late when I fell asleep. Though I was angry with old Cotter for alluding to me as a child, I puzzled my head to extract meaning from his unfinished sentences. In the dark of my room I imagined that I saw again the heavy grey face of the paralytic. I drew the blankets over my head and tried to think of Christmas. But the grey face still followed me. It murmured, and I understood that it desired to confess something. I felt my soul receding into some pleasant and vicious region; and there again I found it waiting for me. It began to confess to me in a murmuring voice and I wondered why it smiled continually and why the lips were so moist with spittle. But then I remembered that it had died of paralysis and I felt that I too was smiling feebly as if to absolve the simoniac of his sin.

The next morning after breakfast I went down to look at the little house in Great Britain Street. It was an unassuming shop, registered under the vague name of Drapery . The drapery consisted mainly of children's bootees and umbrellas; and on ordinary days a notice used to hang in the window, saying: Umbrellas Re-covered No notice was visible now for the shutters were up. A crape bouquet was tied to the doorknocker with ribbon. Two poor women and a telegram boy were reading the card pinned on the crape. I also approached and read:

July 1st, 1895

The Rev. James Flynn (formerly of S. Catherine's Church,

Meath Street), aged sixty-five years.

R. I. P.

The reading of the card persuaded me that he was dead and I was disturbed to find myself at check. Had he not been dead I would have gone into the little dark room behind the shop to find him sitting in his arm-chair by the fire, nearly smothered in his great-coat. Perhaps my aunt would have given me a packet of High

Toast for him and this present would have roused him from his stupefied doze.

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"아이들에게 나쁘단 말이에요." 코터 영감이 말했다. '왜냐하면 아이들의 마음이란 너무나 감수성이 예민하기 때문이죠. 아이들이 그런 걸 보게 되면, 알겠어요, 영향을 받아요‥‥‥‥

나는 홧김에 말이 터져 나오지나 않을까 두려워서 오트밀을 마구 입 속에 퍼 넣었다. 넌더리나는 코 빨갱이 천치 영감 같으니라고!

늦게 나는 잠이 들었다. 비록 코터 영감이 나를 어린아이라고 말한 데 대해 골이 나긴 했지만 그가 하다가 그만 둔 말에서 의미를 끌어내려고 머리를 썼다. 캄캄한 방에서 나는 그 중풍환자(中風患者)의 둔중(鈍重)한 회색(灰色)빛 얼굴을 다시 볼 수 있을 것 같았다. 나는 담요를 머리 위까지 뒤집어쓰고 크리스마스를 생각하려고 애를 쌨다. 그러나 그 회색빛 얼굴은 여전히 나를 뒤따랐다. 뭔가 중얼거렸다. 그래서 나는 그것이 무슨 중요한 일을 고백하려나 보다 하고 생각했다. 내 영혼이 어떤 즐겁고 사악(邪惡)한 지역으로 빠져 들어가는 것 같았다. 그런데 거기에서 또 그것이 나를 기다리고 있음을 알았다. 그 얼굴이 나를 보자 중얼거리는 목소리로 고백하기 시작했는데, 나는 왜 그것이 계속해서 미소를 짓고 있으며, 왜 그 입술이 저토록 침으로 젖어 있을까 하고 궁금히 여겼다. 그러나 이내 나는 그것이 중풍으로 죽었다는 사실을 기억해 냈고 나 또한 마치 그의 성직매매(聖職賣買)의 죄를 사면(赦免)이라도 해주는 듯 픽픽 웃고 있음을 알았다.

다음날 아침, 조반(朝飯)을 든 후에 '--나는 그레이트 브리튼가(街)에 있는 그 조그만 집을 찾아갔다. 그것은 '포목점(布木店)'이란 막연한 간판이 걸린 수수한 상점이었다. 이 포목점은 주로 아이들의 털장화나 우산들을 취급하고 있었는데, 보통 날에는 '우산 천을 갈아 줌“이란 글씨가 새겨진 광고판이 유리창에 걸려 있곤 했다. 하지만 오늘은 덧문이 닫혀 있어서 그 광고판은 보이지 않았다. 크레이프 비단 조화가 리본과 함께 도어노커4)에 매여져 있었다. 남루한 차림의 두 女人네와 전보배달 소년 하나가 크레이프 조화에 핀으로 꽃아 놓은 쪽지를 읽고 있었다. 나도 가까이 가서 읽어보았다.

1895년 7월 1일 제임스 플린 (미드 가(街)의 성(聖)카타리나 성당의 전 사제), 향년 75세,

영면(永眠).

이 쪽지를 읽고 나자 그분이 정말 돌아가셨구나 하는 생각이 들었다. 그리고 나 자신이 어떤 방해를 받고 있는 듯 한 성가신 느낌도 들었다. 그분이 돌아가시지 않았더라면 나는 상점 뒤에 있는 그 작고 컴컴한 방으로 들어가서 커다란 외투에 묻혀 벽난로 옆의 안락의자에 거의 질식할 듯 앉아 있는 그를 보았으리라. 아마 아주머니께서는 그에게 전하도록 하이 토스트 담배 한 봉지를 내게 주었을 것이고, 이 선물은 넋을 잃은 듯 한 졸음으로부터 그를 깨울 수 있었으리라.

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4) 손잡이를 잡고 물을 똑똑 두드려 인기척을 알리는 쇠붙이,

It was always I who emptied the packet into his black snuff-box for his hands trembled too much to allow him to do this without spilling half the snuff about the floor. Even as he raised his large trembling hand to his nose little clouds of smoke dribbled through his fingers over the front of his coat. It may have been these constant showers of snuff which gave his ancient priestly garments their green faded look for the red handkerchief, blackened, as it always was, with the snuff-stains of a week, with which he tried to brush away the fallen grains, was quite inefficacious.

I wished to go in and look at him but I had not the courage to knock. I walked away slowly along the sunny side of the street, reading all the theatrical advertisements in the shop-windows as I went. I found it strange that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood and I felt even annoyed at discovering in myself a sensation of freedom as if I had been freed from something by his death. I wondered at this for, as my uncle had said the night before, he had taught me a great deal. He had studied in the Irish college in Rome and he had taught me to pronounce Latin properly. He had told me stories about the catacombs and about Napoleon Bonaparte, and he had explained to me the meaning of the different ceremonies of the Mass and of the different vestments worn by the priest. Sometimes he had amused himself by putting difficult questions to me, asking me what one should do in certain circumstances or whether such and such sins were mortal or venial or only imperfections. His questions showed me how complex and mysterious were certain institutions of the Church which I had always regarded as the simplest acts. The duties of the priest towards the Eucharist and towards the secrecy of the confessional seemed so grave to me that I wondered how anybody had ever found in himself the courage to undertake them; and I was not surprised when he told me that the fathers of the Church had written books as thick as the Post Office Directory and as closely printed as the law notices in the newspaper, elucidating all these intricate questions. Often when I thought of this I could make no answer or only a very foolish and halting one upon which he used to smile and nod his head twice or thrice. Sometimes he used to put me through the responses of the Mass which he had made me learn by heart; and, as I pattered, he used to smile pensively and nod his head, now and then pushing huge pinches of snuff up each nostril alternately. When he smiled he used to uncover his big discoloured teeth and let his tongue lie upon his lower lip -- a habit which had made me feel uneasy in the beginning of our acquaintance before I knew him well.

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그의 까만색 코담배 상자 속에 이 담배 봉지를 옮겨 주는 자는 언제나 나였다. 왜냐하면 그는 양손이 너무나 떨려서 담배를 절반씩이나 마룻바닥에 흘리곤 했기 때문이었다. 심지어 그의 떨리는 커다란 손을 코 있는 데까지 들어 올렸을 때에는 작은 구름 같은 담배 부스러기가 손가락 사이로 흘러 나와 그의 외투자락 앞에 뚝뚝 떨어졌다. 그의 오래 된 사제복이 색이 바래서 푸르스름하게 보였던 것도 어쩌면 그처럼 끊임없이 흘러내린, 소나기 같은 담뱃가루 때문이었을는지도 모른다. 왜냐하면 언제나 한 주일의 코담배 가루로 시커멓게 된 빨간 손수건, 그것을 가지고서 그는 떨어진 담뱃가루를 쓸어 없애려고 애를 썼지만 아무런 소용이 없었기 때문이다.

나는 안으로 들어가 그를 보고 싶었지만 감히 문을 두드릴 용기가 나지 않았다. 거리의 햇살 비치는 쪽을 따라 천천히 걸어가면서 나는 상점 창문에 나붙은 극장 광고를 지나칠 적마다 모조리 다 읽었다. 나 자신이나 그 날 하루가 죽음을 슬퍼하는 분위기가 아니라니 정말 이상한 느낌이 들었다. 그리고 마치 내가 그분의 죽음으로 인하여 그 무엇으로부터 해방된 듯이 나 자신 속에서 일종의 해방감을 느끼다니 노여운 생각마저 들었다. 간밤에 나의 아저씨가 말해 주었듯이 신부님은 내게 엄청나게 많은 것을 가르쳐 주었는데도 내가 이런 생각을 하다니 이상하기만 했다. 그는 옛날 로마의 아일랜드계(系) 대학에서 공부를 한 적이 있었고 내게 라틴어를 올바르게 발음하도록 가르쳐 주었다. 그는 또한 지하묘지(地下墓地)와 나폴레옹 보나파르트에 관한 여러 가지 이야기를 해주었다. 그리고 미사의 여러 가지 다른 의식들과 사제들이 입는 여러 가지 제복(祭服)의 의미도 설명해 주었다. 때때로 그는 내게 여러 가지 어려운 질문을 하곤 했는데, 즉 어떤 상황에서 인간이 해야 할 일 또는 이러이러한 죄는 중죄인가 아니면 경범죄인가, 또는 단지 결함(缺陷)에 불과한 것인가를 내게 묻고는 혼자 즐거워한 적도 있었다. 그의 질문은 나 자신이 언제나 가장 단순한 행사로만 생각했던 성당의 어떤 관습들이 얼마나 복잡하고 신비스러운 것인가를 내게 보여주었다. 성찬식(聖餐式)에 관한, 그리고 고해(告解)의 비밀에 관한 신부의 여러 가지 의무가 나에게는 너무나 준엄하게 느껴졌기 때문에 그것을 감당할 용기를 지닌 자는 누구일까 하고 궁금히 생각했다. 그리하여 성당의 신부님들은 우체국 주소록처럼 두껍고 신문의 법률광고처럼 조밀하게 인쇄된 책을 이용해서 이 모든 복잡한 문제들을 설명하고 있다는 얘기를 그가 내게 들려주었을 때에도 나는 조금도 놀라지 않았다. 이따금 나는 이러한 문제를 생각해 보고 대답을 하지 못하거나 아주 바보 서럽고 머뭇거리는 듯 한 답을 할 수밖에 없었는데, 이에 대하여 그는 빙그레 미소를 짓거나 두서너 번 고개를 끄덕이곤 했었다. 때때로 그는 자신이 내게 암송(暗誦)하도록 했던 미사의 답송(答頌)을 시험해 보기도 했다. 그리고 내가 그것을 빠르게 외어 나갈 때에는 생각에 잠긴 듯 미소를 짓거나 고개를 끄덕이며 이따금 커다란 코담배 뭉치를 양쪽 콧구멍에다 번갈아 갖다 대곤 했다. 그는 미소를 지을 때면 크고 변색된 이빨을 드러내고 혀를 아랫입술 위로 축 늘어뜨리기도 했다. 그것은 내가 그를 잘 알기 전, 그러니까 우리가 처음 사귀던 때 나를 불안스럽게 했던 버릇이었다.

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As I walked along in the sun I remembered old Cotter's words and tried to remember what had happened afterwards in the dream. I remembered that I had noticed long velvet curtains and a swinging lamp of antique fashion. I felt that I had been very far away, in some land where the customs were strange -- in Persia, I thought.... But I could not remember the end of the dream.

In the evening my aunt took me with her to visit the house of mourning. It was after sunset; but the window-panes of the houses that looked to the west reflected the tawny gold of a great bank of clouds. Nannie received us in the hall; and, as it would have been unseemly to have shouted at her, my aunt shook hands with her for all. The old woman pointed upwards interrogatively and, on my aunt's nodding, proceeded to toil up the narrow staircase before us, her bowed head being scarcely above the level of the banister-rail. At the first landing she stopped and beckoned us forward encouragingly towards the open door of the dead-room. My aunt went in and the old woman, seeing that I hesitated to enter, began to beckon to me again repeatedly with her hand.

I went in on tiptoe. The room through the lace end of the blind was suffused with dusky golden light amid which the candles looked like pale thin flames. He had been coffined. Nannie gave the lead and we three knelt down at the foot of the bed. I pretended to pray but I could not gather my thoughts because the old woman's mutterings distracted me. I noticed how clumsily her skirt was hooked at the back and how the heels of her cloth boots were trodden down all to one side. The fancy came to me that the old priest was smiling as he lay there in his coffin.

But no. When we rose and went up to the head of the bed I saw that he was not smiling. There he lay, solemn and copious, vested as for the altar, his large hands loosely retaining a chalice. His face was very truculent, grey and massive, with black cavernous nostrils and circled by a scanty white fur. There was a heavy odour in the room -- the flowers.

We crossed ourselves and came away. In the little room downstairs we found Eliza seated in his arm-chair in state. I groped my way towards my usual chair in the corner while Nannie went to the sideboard and brought out a decanter of sherry and some wine-glasses. She set these on the table and invited us to take a little glass of wine.

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햇빛 속을 따라 걸어가면서 나는 코터 영감의 말들을 記憶했고 내 꿈속에서 그 후 어떤 일들이 일어났던가 기억해 내려고 애를 쌨다. 나는 기다란 벨벳 커튼과 고풍의 흔들 램프를 목격한것이 생각났다. 나는 아주 먼 곳, 풍습이 이상한 나라--페르시아라고 생각했다--에 간 듯 한 느낌이 들었다‥‥‥그러나 나는 꿈의 끝 부분을 기억할 수 없었다.

저녁때에 아주머니는 나를 데리고 그 상가(喪家)를 방문했다. 이미 해가 저문 뒤였다. 그러나 서향 집들의 유리창들이 황갈색 어린 황금의 커다란 구름 뭉치들을 반사하고 있었다. 내니가 우리들을 현관에서 맞았다. 그녀에게 큰 소리로 얘기하는 것이 어울리지 않았기에 아주머니는 그녀와 악수를 함으로써 모든 뜻을 알렸다. 노파(老婆)는 상대의 뜻을 묻기라도 하듯 위쪽을 가리켰고 아주머니가 고개를 끄덕이자 수그린 머리를 계단 난간(欄干)위로 보일 듯 말 듯 드러내면서 우리들 앞에서 좁다란 계단을 오르기 시작했다. 첫 번째 층계참(層階站)에서 그녀는 발걸음을 멈추고 사자(死者) 방이 열린 문을 향해 격려하듯 빨리 들어가도록 손짓을 했다. 아주머니는 안으로 들어갔고, 내가 들어가기를 주저(躊躇)하는 것을 본 그 노파는 거듭 나에게 들어가라고 손짓을 하기 시작했다.

나는 발끝으로 살금살금 들어갔다. 커튼의 레이스 끝을 통하여 들여다뵈는 그 방은 거무스름한 황금빛으로 가득 차 있었고, 그 가운데 촛불은 마치 파리하고 맥없는 불꽃처럼 보였다. 그는 이미 입관(入棺)되어 있었다. 내니가 선도(先導)를 하고 세 사람은 침대 발치께에 무릎을 꿇었다. 나는 기도률 드리는 척했으나 노파의 중얼거림이 나의 주의를 흩어 놓는 바람에 생각을 한 곳으로 모을 수가 없었다. 노파의 치마 뒤쪽이 서투르게 여며진 모습이라든지 운동화 뒤축이 한쪽으로만 몽땅 닳아 없어진 것이 눈에 띄었다. 늙은 신부가 저 관속을 누워 미소를 짓고 있을까 하는 공상(空想)이 내게 떠올랐다.

그러나 천만에, 우리가 자리에서 일어나 침대 머리맡으로 가보니, 그는 미소를 짓고 있지 않았다. 거기에 그는 성단에 오를 때처럼 제의(祭衣)를 입고 엄숙하고 커다랗게 누워 있었고 그의 큼직한 손은 성배(聖杯)를 느슨히 쥐고 있었다. 그의 얼굴은 아주 끔찍스러웠고 잿빛으로 거대하게 보였으며, 검고 동굴 같은 콧구멍에다 얼굴 주위에는 드문드문 하얀 털이 둘려져 있었다. 방안에는 짙은 향기가 어려 있었다--꽃향기가.

우리들은 성호(聖號)를 긋고 그곳을 나왔다. 아래층 조그만 방에서 우리는 일라이저가 신부의 안락의자에 단정히 앉아 있는 것을 발견했다. 내가 방 한쪽 구석에 있는, 늘 앉곤 하던 의자 쪽으로 더듬어 나아가고 있는 동안, 내니는 찬장 있는 데로 가서 세리 술이 들어 있는 병과 술잔 몇 개를 꺼내 왔다. 그녀는 이것을 탁자 위에다 올려놓고 우리더러 포도주를 조금 마셔 보라고 권했다.

_____________________________________

Then, at her sister's bidding, she filled out the sherry into the glasses and passed them to us. She pressed me to take some cream crackers also but I declined because I thought I would make too much noise eating them. She seemed to be somewhat disappointed at my refusal and went over quietly to the sofa where she sat down behind her sister. No one spoke: we all gazed at the empty fireplace.

My aunt waited until Eliza sighed and then said:

"Ah, well, he's gone to a better world."

Eliza sighed again and bowed her head in assent. My aunt fingered the stem of her wine-glass before sipping a little.

"Did he... peacefully?" she asked.

"Oh, quite peacefully, ma'am," said Eliza. "You couldn't tell when the breath went out of him. He had a beautiful death, God be praised."

"And everything...?"

"Father O'Rourke was in with him a Tuesday and anointed him and prepared him and all."

"He knew then?"

"He was quite resigned."

"He looks quite resigned," said my aunt.

"That's what the woman we had in to wash him said. She said he just looked as if he was asleep, he looked that peaceful and resigned. No one would think he'd make such a beautiful corpse."

"Yes, indeed," said my aunt.

She sipped a little more from her glass and said:

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그런 다음 그녀는 언니가 하라는 대로 세리 술을 여러 잔에다 가득히 따라서 우리들에게 한 잔씩 돌렸다. 그녀는 억지로 나더러 크림 크래커를 좀 먹어 보라고 했지만, 나는 그것을 먹으면 소리가 너무나 시끄러울 것 같아 거절했다. 그녀는 내가 거절한 데 대해서 얼마간 실망한 듯 보였으나, 조용히 소파로 가서 그곳 언니 뒤에 앉았다. 아무도 말이 없었다. 우리는 모두 텅 빈 벽난로를 응시하고 있었다.

아주머니는 기다렸다가 마침내 일라이저가 한숨을 쉬는 것을 보고 이내 말했다.

"아, 글쎄, 그분은 더 좋은 세상으로 가셨어요."

일라이저는 다시 한숨을 쉬고는 동의의 표시로 고개를 숙였다. 아주머니는 포도주 잔의 굽을 손가락으로 만지작거리다가 한 모금 들이켰다.

"그랬던가요‥‥‥ 평화롭게 ?" 그녀가 울었다.

"오, 정말 평화롭게, 아주머니. " 일라이저가 말했다. 숨이 언제 끊어지셨는지 알지 못할 정도였어요. 고이 돌아가셨어요. 하느님 덕분에 ‥‥‥‥"

"그리고 모든 일은‥‥‥?"

"오러크 신부님이 화요일에 오셔서 종유례(終油禮)도 베푸시고 만사를 다 준비해 주셨습니다.

"그럼 本人도 그때 아셨던가요?

"本人도 아주 단념하고 계셨어요.“

"그분은 아주 초연하셨던 것 같군요." 아주머니가 말했다.

"신부님이 돌아가신 후에 몸을 씻기기 위해 우리가 들여보냈던 아주머니도 그렇게 말했지요. 흡사 잠을 자고 계시는 듯, 그토록 평화롭고 초연하게 보였다고 했습니다. 저렇게 고이 돌아가실 줄은 아무도 생각지 못했을 거예요.“

"그래요, 정말." 아주머니가 말했다.

그녀는 유리잔에 있는 술을 조금 더 홀짝 마시고는 말을 이었다.

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"Well, Miss Flynn, at any rate it must be a great comfort for you to know that you did all you could for him. You were both very kind to him, I must say."

Eliza smoothed her dress over her knees.

"Ah, poor James!" she said. "God knows we done all we could, as poor as we are -- we wouldn't see him want anything while he was in it."

Nannie had leaned her head against the sofa-pillow and seemed about to fall asleep.

"There's poor Nannie," said Eliza, looking at her, "she's wore out. All the work we had, she and me, getting in the woman to wash him and then laying him out and then the coffin and then arranging about the Mass in the chapel. only for Father O'Rourke I don't know what we'd done at all. It was him brought us all them flowers and them two candlesticks out of the chapel and wrote out the notice for the Freeman's General and took charge of all the papers for the cemetery and poor James's insurance."

"Wasn't that good of him?" said my aunt

Eliza closed her eyes and shook her head slowly.

"Ah, there's no friends like the old friends," she said, "when all is said and done, no friends that a body can trust."

"Indeed, that's true," said my aunt. "And I'm sure now that he's gone to his eternal reward he won't forget you and all your kindness to him."

"Ah, poor James!" said Eliza. "He was no great trouble to us. You wouldn't hear him in the house any more than now. Still, I know he's gone and all to that...."

"It's when it's all over that you'll miss him," said my aunt.

"I know that," said Eliza. "I won't be bringing him in his cup of beef-tea any me, nor you, ma'am, sending him his snuff. Ah, poor James!"

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"글쎄, 플린 아주머니, 아무튼 그분을 위해 아주머니께서 할 수 있는 일은 다 해드렸다고 생각하니 커다란 위안이 아닐 수 없어요. 두 분 모두 그분께 정말 친절하게 대해 주셨습니다.“,

일라이저는 무릎 위의 옷을 만지작거렸다.

"아, 가엾은 제임스 !“ 그녀는 말했다. ”우린 이렇게 가난해도 그 분께 해드릴 수 있는 건 모두 다 해드렸음을 하느님은 아시지요--오라버님께서 이 世上에 계시는 동안 부족한 것이 없으시도록 모든 걸 다 해드렸답니다."

내니는 진작부터 소파 등받이에 머리를 기대고 있었으므로 이내 잠이 들 것만 같았다.

"내니가 가엾지요." 일라이저가 그녀를 쳐다보며 말했다. "지쳤지 뭐예요. 모든 일은 우리 둘이서 다 했어요. 그녀와 내가 말예요. 몸을 씻길 아주머니를 불러들인다, 입관(入棺)준비를 한다, 그런 다음 입관을 시킨다, 성당에서 미사를 준비한다, 이 모든 일을 말예요. 오러크 신부님이 아니었던들 우린 무엇을 해야 할지 도무지 몰랐을 거예요. 그분께서 저 꽃들을 모두 가져오셨고, 성당에서 저 촛대 두개도 꺼내 오셨어요. 그리고 “프리먼즈 제너럴5)에다 사망광고도 내주시고, 묘지며 가엾은 제임스의 보험에 필요한 모든 서류도 도맡아 해 주셨어요. "

"정말 고마우신 분이잖아요?" 아주머니가 말했다.

일라이저는 두 눈을 감고 고개를 천천히 끄덕였다.

"아, 옛 친구만한 사람이 世上에 또 있던가요." 그녀는 말했다.

"뭐니뭐니해도 몸을 맡길 수 있는 것은 옛친구밖에 없어요."

'정말 그 말이 옳아요." 아주머니가 말했다. "그리고 정말이지 그 분께서는 이제 영원한 보답의 세계로 가셨으니, 두 아주머님이 그분께 베푸신 친절을 결코 잊지 않으실 거예요."

"아, 가련한 제임스 !" 일라이저가 말했다. "그분은 우리들에게 큰 고통은 아니었어요. 집안에서도 지금처럼 소리 하나 내는 일이 없었으니까요. 하지만 그분께서 세상을 하직하셨다니 서운하기 그지없네요‥‥‥‥

"만사가 다 끝났으니 서운하실 테지요." 아주머니가 말했다.

"알아요." 일라이저가 말했다. “이제는 오라버님께 고기 수프를 가져다 드릴 필요도 없어졌고 또 아주머니께서는 그분께 코담배를 보내 드릴 필요가 없게 되었지요. 아, 불쌍한 제임스 !"

_____________________________________________________________

5) 더블린에서 발간되는 주요 일간지 “프리먼즈 저널”을 잘못 말한 듯함.

She stopped, as if she were communing with the past and then said shrewdly:

"Mind you, I noticed there was something queer coming over him latterly. Whenever I'd bring in his soup to him there I'd find him with his breviary fallen to the floor, lying back in the chair and his mouth open."

She laid a finger against her nose and frowned: then she continued:

"But still and all he kept on saying that before the summer was over he'd go out for a drive one fine day just to see the old house again where we were all born down in Irishtown and take me and Nannie with him. If we could only get one of them new-fangled carriages that makes no noise that Father O'Rourke told him about, them with the rheumatic wheels, for the day cheap -- he said, at Johnny Rush's over the way there and drive out the three of us together of a Sunday evening. He had his mind set on that.... Poor James!"

"The Lord have mercy on his soul!" said my aunt.

Eliza took out her handkerchief and wiped her eyes with it. Then she put it back again in her pocket and gazed into the empty grate for some time without speaking.

"He was too scrupulous always," she said. "The duties of the priesthood was too much for him. And then his life was, you night say, crossed."

"Yes," said my aunt. "He was a disappointed man. You could see that."

A silence took possession of the little room and, under cover of it, I approached the table and tasted my sherry and then returned quietly to my chair in the comer. Eliza seemed to have fallen into a deep revery. We waited respectfully for her to break the silence: and after a long pause she said slowly:

"It was that chalice he broke.... That was the beginning of it. Of course, they say it was all right, that it contained nothing, I mean. But still.... They say it was the boy's fault. But poor James was so nervous, God be merciful to him!"

"And was that it?" said my aunt. "I heard something...."

-----------------------------------------------------------

그녀는 마치 과거를 회상하듯 말을 멈추었다가 이내 날카롭게 말했다.

'이봐요, 나는 최근에 오라버님한테 이상한 일이 일어나고 있다는 걸 눈치 챘어요. 오라버님께 고기 수프를 드리려고 방에 들어갈 때마다 오라버님은 성무일과서(聖務日課書)를 마룻바닥에 떨어뜨리고 의자에 등을 기댄 채 입을 떡 벌리고 있었어요.“

그녀는 손가락을 코에 갖다 대고 얼굴을 찌푸렸다. 그리고 이내 말을 이었다.

"하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 그분께선 계속 이렇게 말씀하고 계셨어요. 여름이 끝나기 전에 어느 날씨 좋은 날 우리 세 남매가 그 옛날 태어난 아이리쉬 타운으로 가서 다시 빈집을 구경하자고 말예요. 그리고 나와 내니를 함께 데리고 가겠다고 하셨어요. 오러크 신부님이 오라버님한테 말한 적이 있는, 바람 넣은 바퀴가 달린 그 신식 마차를 길 건너 조니 러쉬 상점에서 하루 동안 값싸게 빌어 가지고, 우리 셋이 어느 일요일 저녁 함께 드라이브를 할 수만 있다면 하고 말씀하셨어요. 오라버님은 그걸 마음엔 두고 계셨던 거예요‥‥‥‥ 가엾은 제임스 !"

"하느님이시여, 그분의 영혼에 자비를 내리소서 !“ 아주머니가 말했다. 일라이저는 손수건을 꺼내 눈을 닦았다. 그런 다음 다시 그것을 주머니 속에 집어넣고 한동안 말없이 텅 빈 벽난로 아궁이 속을 빤히 들여다보았다.

"오라버님은 언제나 너무 꼼꼼하셨어요." 그녀는 말했다. 성직의 의무가 그분께 너무나 과중했던 거예요. 그래서 그분의 인생은, 글쎄요, 좌절되었다고나 할까요.“

"옳아요." 아주머니가 말했다. "그분은 뜻을 펴지 못한 분이셨어요. 그걸 분명히 알 수 있었어요."

침묵이 조그마한 방을 점령했다. 그 틈을 타서 나는 탁자로 다가가서 세리 술을 맛본 다음 구석에 있는 내 의자로 조용히 되돌아왔다. 일라이저는 깊은 몽상(夢想)에 빠져 있는 듯 보였다. 우리는 그녀가 침묵을 깰 때까지 얌전하게 기다렸다. 그러자 한참 뒤에 그녀가 천천히 말했다.

"문제는 오라버님이 깨뜨린 성배(聖杯)였어요‥‥‥ 그게 문제의 시초였답니다. 물론 사람들은 그것과는 아무 상관 없다고 말하죠. 제 뜻은 거긴 아무것도 들어 있지 않았다는 말예요. 그러나 그런데도‥‥‥ 사람들은 시동(侍童)6) 잘못이라 말하고 있어요. 그러나 가엾은 제임스는 너무나 신경이 예민했어요. 하느님, 그분께 자비를 내리소서!"

"그래, 그게 문제였군요?" 아주머니가 물었다. "나도 무슨 말을 듣긴 했지 만‥‥‥‥

______________________________________________________________________

Eliza nodded.

"That affected his mind," she said. "After that he began to mope by himself, talking to no one and wandering about by himself. So one night he was wanted for to go on a call and they couldn't find him anywhere. They looked high up and low down; and still they couldn't see a sight of him anywhere. So then the clerk suggested to try the chapel. So then they got the keys and opened the chapel and the clerk and Father O'Rourke and another priest that was there brought in a light for to look for him.... And what do you think but there he was, sitting up by himself in the dark in his confession-box, wide- awake and laughing-like softly to himself?"

She stopped suddenly as if to listen. I too listened; but there was no sound in the house: and I knew that the old priest was lying still in his coffin as we had seen him, solemn and truculent in death, an idle chalice on his breast.

Eliza resumed:

"Wide-awake and laughing-like to himself.... So then, of course, when they saw that, that made them think that there was something gone wrong with him...."

-----------------------------

일라이저는 고개를 끄덕였다.

"그 일이 마음에 타격(打擊)을 주었어요." 그녀는 말했다. "그 뒤로는 혼자서 우울해하며 아무에게도 말을 하지 않고 혼자 방황하기 시작했어요. 그러던 어느 날 밤, 사람들이 방문할 일이 있어서 그를 찾았지만 어디서도 그를 찾을 수가 없었어요. 사람들은 이곳저곳을 샅샅이 뒤졌지요. 그러나 어디서도 그의 흔적을 찾을 길이 없었답니다. 그러자 그때 사무장께서 성당을 한번 둘러보라고 일러주었어요. 그래서 모두들 열쇠를 얻어 가지고 성당 문을 열었지요. 사무장과 오러크 신부님, 그리고 마침 그곳에 와 계시던 다른 神父님이 그를 찾기 위해 불을 들고 안으로 들어갔지요‥‥‥, 그런데 어찌 된 노릇입니까, 그가 그곳 告解所의 어둠 속에 혼자 앉아서 눈을 동그랗게 뜨고 홀로 조용히 웃고 있는 듯했다지 뭡니까?"

그녀는 마치 무엇에 귀를 기울이듯 갑자기 말을 멈췄다. 나도 역시 귀를 기울였다. 그러나 집안에서는 아무 소리도 들리지 않았다. 그리고 나는 나이 많은 신부가 아까 우리들이 보았듯이 죽음 속에 엄숙히 그리고 끔찍한 모습으로 가슴에다 맥없이 성배(聖杯)를 얹은 채 관(棺)속에 조용히 누워 있음을 알고 있었다.

일라이저는 말을 이었다.

"눈을 동그랗게 뜨고 홀로 웃고 있는 듯 했지요‥‥‥ 그래서 그때, 즉 그 광경을 보았을 때 그에게 뭔가 잘못된 일이 있었구나 하고 모두들 생각하게 되었지요."

____________________________________

6) 미사를 집행하는 司祭를 돕는 男子아이 .

ANNOTATIONS BY Don Gifford

Notes to : "The Sisters"

"The Sisters" was the first of the fifteen stories to be written and the first to be published, in The Irish Homestead, 13 August 1904. Joyce thoroughly rewrote "The Sisters" in May-June 1906. The first version of the story is included in the Appendix below.

(title) The Sisters Nurses and nuns are called sisters in Ireland.

two candles Candles are variously interpreted as symbols in the Church. The wax of the candle is symbolic of the Body of Christ; the wick, His Soul; the flame, His Divinity. If two candles: one can be regarded as a symbol of the Old Testament, one of the New.

paralysis Usually assumed to be the result of the three strokes the priest has suffered, but it may well be the other way around, that the strokes have been caused by paralysis, since in 1904 the term paralysis was frequently used in medical parlance (and by Joyce) to mean "general paralysis of the insane," i.e., paresis, syphilis of the central nervous system. It is possible to demonstrate that in rewriting the story (see Appendix) Joyce not only added the word "paralysis" but also worked the symptoms of paresis into the boynarrator's recall of the priest's appearance and manner. See Burton A. Waisbren and Florence L. Walzl, "Paresis and the Priest: James Joyce's Symbolic Use of Syphilis in `The Sisters,"' Annals of Internal Medicine 8o (June 1974): 758-62.

gnomon in the Euclid The Alexandrian Greek geometrician, Euclid, flourished circa 300 B.C. In his Elements, book II, definition 2, Euclid defines a gnomon as what is left of a parallelogram when a similar parallelogram containing one of its corners is removed. Gnomon is also the name for the pointer on a sundial (and for the angle at which the pointer is set).

simony in the Catechism None of the Irish Catechisms I have consulted for these notes mentions or defines simony; all treat the sacrament of Holy Orders and the duties of the priesthood rather briefly. But "Catechism" can also be the boy's word for the courses of religious instruction regularly required in Irish Catholic schools (since one or more catechisms would have been used as the basic text in those courses). Simony is named after Simon Magus (Simon the Sorcerer), Acts 8: 18-24, who ignorantly offered the Apostle Peter money for "the gift of God," (i.e., for the power to transmit the Holy Ghost through the laying on of hands). Hence simony is the deliberate buying or selling of ecclesiastical offices, pardons, or emoluments. In the medieval Church this literal definition was transformed figuratively so that simony meant the prostitution of any spiritual value, any of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost (wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, fear of the Lord) for material comfort or gain. See Por CI 59: 16-1 7n.

stirabout A porridge, usually made of oatmeal simmered in water or milk.

faints and worms "Faints" are the impure spirits that come through the still first and last in the process of distillation; "worms" are long spiral or coiled tubes connected with the head of a still; the vapor is condensed in the worms.

one of those ... peculiar cases While Father Flynn has not been excommunicated, his relation to the priesthood is somewhat ambiguous, the end of his career shadowed by what to the Irish Catholic imagination is "the fearfully potent image of the excommunicated or silenced priest." See p. viii above and Por C16o: 3n. a great wish for him In this ｅxpression the word "wish" is a translation of the Irish meas, which means "respect, esteem" (P. W Joyce, English as We Speak It in Ireland [Dublin, 1910], p. 351). Hereafter this work will be cited as P. W Joyce.

Let him learn to box his corner "Corner" is slang for "share" or "proceeds"; thus, "Let him go out and learn to make a living and get ahead in the world."

Rosicrucian A member of an international fraternity of religious mystics, the Ancient Order Rosae Crucis. The order was supposedly revived in the fifteenth century by a German monk, Friar Christian Rosenkreutz (probably legendary) who was mystically in touch with the Great White Brotherhood of Egypt (15th century B.C.). Several small sects which derived their lore from the medieval cabala and from alchemy flourished in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The order was revived in England in 1866 as part of the general upwelling of fascination with the occult in the late nineteenth century. The Order defined its purpose as to expound "a system of metaphysical and physical philosophy intended to awaken the dormant, latent faculties of the individual whereby he may utilize to a better advantage his natural talents and lead a happier and more useful life." The Order was popularly associated with a dreamy, aesthetic withdrawal from worldly concerns.

absolve the simoniac of his sin See Dub C9: I an. The punishment for simony is excommunication, "simply reserved to the Apostolic See"; thus absolution for the sin would have to come from higher clerical authority, i.e., from an authority at least as high as the bishop of the simoniac's diocese, and if the simoniac were a priest, the authority might very well have to be the pope himself.

Great Britain Street (now Parnell Street) Is in north-central Dublin. In 1895 it was part of a main east-west thoroughfare and was lined with small shops, houses, and tenements. It bisected an area where some of the poorest of Dublin's poor lived.

Drapery Thom's Official Directory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (Dublin, 1904; hereafter Thom's 1904) lists four draper's shops in Great Britain Street.

Catherine's Church, Meath Street St. Catherine's Roman Catholic Church, a parish church between 83 and 84 Meath Street in central Dublin, south of the Liffey. When attached to St. Catherine's, Father Flynn would have lived at the Presbytery House adjoining.

R.I.P. Requiescat in Pace, Latin: "Rest in peace," a short prayer for the dead.

High Toast A brand of snuff.

the Irish college in Rome The plan for an, Irish seminary in Rome was first conceived by Gregory XIII (b. 1502, pope 1572-85), but the money allocated for the college went instead to supply Irish Catholics for a revolt against the English. In 1625 the Irish bishops revived the project; they appealed to Cardinal Ludovisi, cardinal protector of Ireland, and he not only approved but also offered to finance the college. It opened I January 1628. Before Napoleon closed it in 1'798 there had been only eight students a year, but the college had great prestige and produced several famous leaders of the Irish Church. When it was revived in 1826, the student body was expanded to forty students a year. The fact that Father Flynn was educated at the Irish College implies that he was regarded as an outstanding candidate for the priesthood, the more remarkable since he was born in the lower-class neighborhood of Irishtown (see Dub C17: 5n).

to pronounce Latin properly i. e., according to the so-called "Roman Method," an elaborate late nineteenth century reconstruction of the way Latin was pronounced in the time of Cicero (106-43 B.C.). The "Roman Method" was the subject of considerable controversy because it challenged both the "Continental Method" (which many regarded as the sacred heritage of the Middle Ages) and the "English Method"

(pronouncing Latin words precisely as though they were English, the method still current in English education in 1900).

about Napoleon Bonaparte See Por C47: 9-ion.

the meaning of the different ceremonies of the mass The Layman's Missal (Baltimore, Md., 1962) remarks,

At the heart of every Mass there occurs the account of the Last Supper, because every Mass renews the sacramental mystery then given to the human race as a legacy until the end of time: "Do this in memory of me." [Luke 22: 19]. The liturgical rites which constitute the celebration of Mass-taking bread (offertory), giving thanks (preface and canon), breaking the bread and distributing it in communion-reproduce the very actions of Jesus. The Mass is an act in which the mystery of Christ is not just commemorated, but made present, living over again. God makes use of it afresh to give himself to man; and man can use it to give glory to God through the one single sacrifice of Christ. In the missal there are certain central pages used over and over again in practically the same way at every Mass, and therefore they are called the "ordinary" of the Mass. [P. 761]

Around the core of the ordinary, the ceremonies of the Mass vary in accordance with the different seasons of the Liturgical Year; i.e., there are sequences of masses for the yearly anniversaries of "Christ in His Mysteries" and "Christ in His Saints." There are also "votive masses," masses for the sick and for the dead, various local masses for the feast days of special saints, etc.

the different vestments worn by the priest The outer vestments of the priest have distinctive colors symbolically related to the feast being celebrated. White, for Easter and Christmas seasons, for feasts of the Trinity, for Christ, the Virgin Mary, and for angels and saints who are not martyrs; red, for Pentecost, for feasts of the Cross and of martyrs; purple, for Advent, for Lent, and for other penitential occasions; rose is occasionally substituted for purple; green is used at times when there is no particular season of feasts; gold can substitute for white, red, or green; and black is the color for Good Friday and for the Liturgy of the Dead.

the Eucharist and . . . the secrecy of the confessional The Maynooth Catechism asserts, "The chief powers given to a priest are: to offer the holy sacrifice of the Mass, and to forgive sins in the sacrament of Penance." It defines the Eucharist as "the Sacrament of the body and blood, soul and divinity of Jesus Christ, under the appearance of bread and wine," and remarks, "Eucharist means a special grace or gift of God-and it also means a solemn act of thanksgiving to God for all His mercies" (p. 53). The Catholic Church regards penance as a sacrament instituted by Christ, in which forgiveness of sins is granted through the priest's absolution of those who, with true contrition, confess their sins. In the process of confession, the penitent is at once accuser, the accused, and the witness, while the priest pronounces judgment and sentence. The grace conferred on the absolved penitent is deliverance from guilt of sin. Confession can only be made to an ordained priest with the requisite jurisdiction. The priest is bound to secrecy and cannot be excused either to save his own life or that of another, or even to avert a public calamity. No law can compel him to divulge the sins confessed to him. Violation of the seal of confession would be the worst sort of sacrilege and would merit excommunication.

the Post Office Directory Between 1500 and 2000 pages in length, including an exhaustive street by street listing of Dublin's buildings and their inhabitants. It was published annually by Alexander Thom & Co., Ltd. but is not to be confused with another annual publication quoted throughout these notes, Thom's 1904, 2106 pp., which did include a "Postal Directory" and "Post Office Dublin City and County Directory." See Dub CI I : 33n.

responses of the Mass Words or phrases spoken by the server in answer to the celebrant, the priest who officiates in the celebration of the Mass. At times the responses can be spoken by a minister (a priest who assists the celebrant) or by a choir or by the congregation. See Dub C13 : 5-6n.

in Persia The Middle East was widely regarded in the late nineteenth century as a land of romance (with morally permissive and sensual overtones), an ideal escape from the repressive world of Victorian morality and from what William Morris called "six counties overhung with smoke."

a chalice The ceremonial cup that holds the consecrated wine in the sacrament of the Eucharist (see Dub C13:1314n).

And everything ... ? The unstated question is: did Father Flynn receive extreme unction, the final sacrament which cleanses the dying man and prepares him for death, taking away "the effects of sin" and giving "the sufferer the interior strength needed to bear his illness and perhaps to meet death"?

the Freeman's General For the Freeman's Journal and National Press, a daily morning newspaper in Dublin. The paper was editorially pro-Home Rule for Ireland but so moderate conservative in its point of view that it was nicknamed "the old woman of Prince's Street" (where its editorial offices were located).

breviary A book containing the daily public or canonical prayers for the canonical hours. The daily recital of the breviary is obligatory on members of the priesthood, on all those in major orders, and on all choir members.

Irishtown In 1900 a poor, working-class slum just south of the mouth of the Liffey and therefore east and south of Great Britain Street. Traditionally the men of Irishtown were employed in intermittent, pick-up jobs on the docks at the mouth of the Liffey and at the terminuses of the two canals that encircle Dublin. Dubliners still regard Irishtowners as a clannish and turbulent lot.

Rheumatic wheels For wheels fitted with pneumatic tires.

Johnny Rush's Francis (Johnny) Rush, cab and car proprietor, 10 Findlater's Place, a narrow street parallel to and one block south of the eastern end of Great Britain Street.

chalice See Dub C14:28n.

it contained nothing An adaptation of a typically childish question about Church ritual: "What would happen if the priest dropped the chalice after the wine had been transsubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ?" To the lay imagination the question seems an awe-inspiring one, but the answer is quite simple: only the "appearance" of wine would be spilt, not the body and blood of Christ (see Por C106: 18-19n and C106: 33-36n).

the boy's fault The boy is an acolyte or server who assists the celebrant at the altar.

2. AN ENCOUNTER [뜻밖의 만남 (遭遇)]

IT WAS Joe Dillon who introduced the Wild West to us. He had a little library made up of old numbers of The Union Jack, Pluck and The Halfpenny Marvel. Every evening after school we met in his back garden and arranged Indian battles. He and his fat young brother Leo, the idler, held the loft of the stable while we tried to carry it by storm; or we fought a pitched battle on the grass. But, however well we fought, we never won siege or battle and all our bouts ended with Joe Dillon's war dance of victory. His parents went to eight-o'clock mass every morning in Gardiner Street and the peaceful odour of Mrs. Dillon was prevalent in the hall of the house. But he played too fiercely for us who were younger and more timid. He looked like some kind of an Indian when he capered round the garden, an old tea-cosy on his head, beating a tin with his fist and yelling:

"Ya! yaka, yaka, yaka!"

Everyone was incredulous when it was reported that he had a vocation for the priesthood. Nevertheless it was true.

A spirit of unruliness diffused itself among us and, under its influence, differences of culture and constitution were waived. We banded ourselves together, some boldly, some in jest and some almost in fear: and of the number of these latter, the reluctant Indians who were afraid to seem studious or lacking in robustness, I was one. The adventures related in the literature of the Wild West were remote from my nature but, at least, they opened doors of escape. I liked better some American detective stories which were traversed from time to time by unkempt fierce and beautiful girls. Though there was nothing wrong in these stories and though their intention was sometimes literary they were circulated secretly at school. one day when Father Butler was hearing the four pages of Roman History clumsy Leo Dillon was discovered with a copy of The Halfpenny Marvel.

"This page or this page? This page Now, Dillon, up! 'Hardly had the day' ... Go on! What day? 'Hardly had the day dawned' ... Have you studied it? What have you there in your pocket?"

Everyone's heart palpitated as Leo Dillon handed up the paper and everyone assumed an innocent face. Father Butler turned over the pages, frowning.

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2. 뜻밖의 만남 (遭遇)

황량한 서부 지방을 우리들에게 처음 가르쳐 준 사람은 조 딜런이었다. 그는 “유니언 잭”이니, “담력”이니 그리고 “하찮은 경탄(敬歎)”이니 하는 낡은 소년잡지들로 가득 채워진 조그마한 서재를 갖고 있었다. 학교가 파한 뒤 저녁때면 우리는 그의 집 뒷마당에서 만나 인디언 전쟁놀이론 했다. 그와 그의 게으름뱅이 뚱뚱보 동생 리오가 마구간의 다락을 점령했는가 하면, 한편으로 우리는 그것을 기습하여 함락(陷落)시키려고 애를 썼다. 또 우리들은 풀밭에서 정정당당히 대전하기도 했다. 그러나 아무리 우리가 잘 싸워도, 포위전이고 대전이고간에 한 번도 이긴 적이 없었으며, 우리들의 승부는 항상 조 딜런의 전승무(戰勝舞)로 끝나고 말았다. 그의 양친은 매일 아침 가디너rk(街)에서 있는 여덟시 미사에 나갔고, 딜런 부인이 풍기고 간 온화한 냄새가 집의 현관 어디에나 어려 있었다. 그러나 그는 자기보다 어리고 겁이 많은 우리들에게 너무 사납게 굴었다. 낡은 찻병의 보온 커버를 머리에 뒤집어쓰고 깡통을 주먹으로 치면서 마당을 신나게 껑충껑충 뛰어다닐 때는, 마치 어떤 종류의 인디언처럼 보였다. 그는 고함을 질렀다.

"야! 야카, 야카, 야카!“

그가 신부직(神父職)을 자신의 직업으로 택했다는 소식이 알려졌을 때, 그걸 믿는 사람은 하나도 없었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그것은 사실이었다.

우리들 사이에는 일종의 반항정신 그 자체가 퍼지고 있어서 그런 영향 밑에서는 교양이고 인격이고간에 그 차이는 문제가 되지 않았다. 우리들은 서로 작당을 했는데, 몇몇은 대담하게, 몇몇은 장난으로 그리고 또 몇몇은 겁에 질려 그렇게 했다. 그리고 공부만 하고 배짱이 없다는 말을 듣는 것이 두려워 마음이 내키지 않아도 부득이 이 인디언 팀이 된 마지막 부류의 아이들도 있었는데, 나도 그들 중의 하나였다. 미국의 황량한 서부에 관한 문학작품 속에 그려진 모험들은 내 기질과는 거리가 멀었지만, 최소한 그것들은 도피(逃避)의 문을 열어 주었다. 거칠도록 사납고 아름다운 아가씨들이 이따금 나오는 미국 탐정소설들을 나는 더 좋아했다. 이러한 소설들 속에는 나쁜 것도 없고, 때로는 그들의 의도가 문학적인 것도 있었는데도, 학교에서는 남 몰래 돌려 가며 읽었다. 어느 날 버틀러 신부가 로마 역사 네 페이지를 가르쳐 주고 있었는데, 눈치 없는 리오 딜런이 “하찮은 경탄(敬歎)”을 읽다가 발각되고 말았다.

'이 페이지냐, 아니면 이 페이지냐? 이 페이지냐? 자, 딜런, 일어나. '그 날이‥‥‥‥ 어서 읽어 봐! 무슨 날이냐? '그 날이 밝아 오자‥‥‥‥ 너 공부했니? 너 주머니 속에 갖고 있는 게 뭐냐?"

리오 딜런이 잡지를 내밀었을 때, 아이들은 모두 가슴이 두근거렸으나 모두들 천연덕스런 표정을 지어 보였다. 버틀러 신부는 얼굴을 찌푸리며 책장을 뒤적거렸다.

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"What is this rubbish?" he said. "The Apache Chief! Is this what you read instead of studying your Roman History? Let me not find any more of this wretched stuff in this college. The man who wrote it, I suppose, was some wretched fellow who writes these things for a drink. I'm surprised at boys like you, educated, reading such stuff. I could understand it if you were ... National School boys. Now, Dillon, I advise you strongly, get at your work or..."

This rebuke during the sober hours of school paled much of the glory of the Wild West for me and the confused puffy face of Leo Dillon awakened one of my consciences. But when the restraining influence of the school was at a distance I began to hunger again for wild sensations, for the escape which those chronicles of disorder alone seemed to offer me. The mimic warfare of the evening became at last as wearisome to me as the routine of school in the morning because I wanted real adventures to happen to myself. But real adventures, I reflected, do not happen to people who remain at home: they must be sought abroad.

The summer holidays were near at hand when I made up my mind to break out of the weariness of schoollife for one day at least. With Leo Dillon and a boy named Mahony I planned a day's miching. Each of us saved up sixpence. We were to meet at ten in the morning on the Canal Bridge. Mahony's big sister was to write

an excuse for him and Leo Dillon was to tell his brother to say he was sick. We arranged to go along the Wharf Road until we came to the ships, then to cross in the ferryboat and walk out to see the Pigeon House. Leo Dillon was afraid we might meet Father Butler or someone out of the college; but Mahony asked, very sensibly, what would Father Butler be doing out at the Pigeon House. We were reassured: and I brought the first stage of the plot to an end by collecting sixpence from the other two, at the same time showing them my own sixpence. When we were making the last arrangements on the eve we were all vaguely excited. We shook hands, laughing, and Mahony said:

"Till tomorrow, mates!"

That night I slept badly. In the morning I was firstcomer to the bridge as I lived nearest. I hid my books in the long grass near the ashpit at the end of the garden where nobody ever came and hurried along the canal bank. It was a mild sunny morning in the first week of June.

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"도대체 이 쓰레기는 뭐냐?" 그는 다그쳤다. "아파치 추장! 넌 로마 역사는 공부하지 않고 이런 걸 읽고 있었니? 학교에서 이따위 것을 다시 한 번 눈에 띄게 했단 봐라“그걸 쓴 놈은, 내 생각엔 술값이나 벌려고 쓰는 어떤 경칠놈일 거야. 너처럼 교육을 받은 애가 그따위 것을 읽다니 놀랍구나! 만일 네가‥‥‥ 국립학교 학생이라면 이해할 수 있다만. 자, 딜런, 단단히 너한테 충고하지만 제발 공부 좀 해, 그러지 않으면‥‥‥‥

착실해야 할 학교공부 시간에 이러한 꾸지람을 듣게 되다니, 황량한 서부의 영광에 대한 매력은 더욱 시들어 버렸고, 리오 딜런의 당황해하는 불룩한 얼굴을 보자, 나는 량심의 가책(苛責)을 느끼지 않을 수 없었다. 그러나 학교의 구속에서 일단 벗어나면, 나는 또다시 야성적인 기분이 되어 이러한 무법천지의 얘기만이 내게 주는 듯한 도피를 갈망하기 시작했다. 저녁이면 벌이는 전쟁놀이도 아침에 있는 학교의 정규수업처럼 내게는 마침내 따분해 지고 말았다. 왜냐하면 진짜 모험이 나 자신에게 일어나기를 바랐기 때문이다. 그러나 곰곰이 생각해 보면, 진짜 모험이란 집에만 머물러 있는 사람들에게는 일어나지 않는 법이다. 밖에서 찾아야만 한다.

여름방학이 임박하자, 나는 하루 동안만이라도 학교생활의 지루함으로부터 해방되려고 단단히 마음을 먹었다. 리오 딜런, 그리고 머호니라는 아이와 함께 나는 하루 수업을 빼먹을 계획을 세웠다. 우리들은 각자 육펜스씩을 모았다. 운하교에서 아침 10시에 만나기로 했다. 머호니의 큰누이가 그를 위해 학교에 낼 결석계를 썼고, 리오 딜런은 그의 형을 시켜 그가 아프다고 말하게 했다. 우리는 부두가를 따라 배들이 있는 곳까지 가서 나룻배를 타고 강을 건너, 피전하우스 발전소를 보러 가기로 계획했다. 리오 딜런은 혹시 버틀러 신부나 또는 학교에서 나온 다른 선생을 만나면 어떡하나 하고 겁을 냈지만, 머호니는 버틀러 신부가 뭣 때문에 피전하우스 발전소에 나타나겠어, 하고 참 재치 있게 반문을 했다. 우리는 이 말에 다시 안심이 되었다. 그래서 나는 그들한테서 육펜스씩을 걷고 동시에 나의 6펜스를 그들에게 보여줌으로써 음모의 첫 단계를 실행에 옮겼다. 간밤에 마지막 모의를 하면서 우리는 모두 공연히 마음이 들떠 있었다. 그래서 서로 소리 내어 웃으며 악수를 했다. 머호니가 말했다.

"그럼 내일 봐, 얘들아"

그 날 밤 나는 잠을 잘 이룰 수가 없었다. 내가 가장 가까운 곳에 살았기 때문에 아침에 제일 먼저 온 사람은 나였다. 나는 사람이라곤 아무도 오지 않는 마당 끝에 있는 재 웅덩이 근처의 키 큰 풀 속에 책을 감춘 다음, 운하둑을 따라 급히 걸어갔다. 때는 6월 첫 주의 따뜻하고 맑은 아침이었다.

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I sat up on the coping of the bridge admiring my frail canvas shoes which I had diligently pipeclayed overnight and watching the docile horses pulling a tramload of business people up the hill. All the branches of the tall trees which lined the mall were gay with little light green leaves and the sunlight slanted through them on to the water. The granite stone of the bridge was beginning to be warm and I began to pat it with my hands in time to an air in my head. I was very happy.

When I had been sitting there for five or ten minutes I saw Mahony's grey suit approaching. He came up the hill, smiling, and clambered up beside me on the bridge. While we were waiting he brought out the catapult which bulged from his inner pocket and explained some improvements which he had made in it. I asked him why he had brought it and he told me he had brought it to have some gas with the birds. Mahony used slang freely, and spoke of Father Butler as Old Bunser. We waited on for a quarter of an hour more but still there was no sign of Leo Dillon. Mahony, at last, jumped down and said:

"Come along. I knew Fatty'd funk it."

"And his sixpence...?" I said.

"That's forfeit," said Mahony. "And so much the better for us -- a bob and a tanner instead of a bob."

We walked along the North Strand Road till we came to the Vitriol Works and then turned to the right along the Wharf Road. Mahony began to play the Indian as soon as we were out of public sight. He chased a crowd of ragged girls, brandishing his unloaded catapult and, when two ragged boys began, out of chivalry, to fling stones at us, he proposed that we should charge them. I objected that the boys were too small and so we walked on, the ragged troop screaming after us: "Swaddlers! Swaddlers!" thinking that we were Protestants because Mahony, who was dark -complexioned, wore the silver badge of a cricket club in his cap. When we came to the Smoothing Iron we arranged a siege; but it was a failure because you must have at least three. We revenged ourselves on Leo Dillon by saying what a funk he was and guessing how many he would get at three o'clock from Mr. Ryan.

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나는 다리 난간(欄干)꼭대기에 올라앉아 내가 밤새도록 열심히 파이프 백토칠을 한, 해지기 쉬운 운동화를보며 감탄하거나, 또 일하러 가는 사람들을 가득 실은 마차를 언덕위로 끌고 가는 유순한 말들을 쳐다보고 있었다. 산책길을 따라 쭉 늘어선 키 큰 나무들의 모든 가지들은 작고 연초록빛 나는 잎들로 반짝이는 듯 보였고, 햇빛은 비스듬히 그들 사이를 뚫고 물 위를 비추고 있었다. 다리의 화강암이 따뜻해지기 시작했다. 그러자 나는 머릿속의 곡조에 박자를 맞추어 두 손으로 돌다리를 가볍게 두드리기 시작했다. 나는 사뭇 행복했다. 오 분 내지 십분 가량 그곳에 앉아 있었을 때, 나는 灰色 양복을 입은 머호니가 이쪽으로 다가오는 것을 보았다. 그는 미소를 띄우면서 언덕 위로 올라와 다리 위 내 곁에 걸터앉았다.

우리들이 기다리고 있는 동안 그는 안주머니에 불룩하게 넣어 두었던 새총을 꺼내 자기가 몇 군데 개조한 곳을 나에게 설명했다. 왜 그걸 갖고 왔는지를 묻자, 그는 새들을 놀려 주려고 가지고 왔노라고 했다. 머호니는 속어를 마구 사용했으며, 버틀러 신부를 먼저 영감이라 불렀다. 우리는 십오분 동안을 계속 더 기다렸지만 여전히 리오 딜런은 나타나지 않았다. 머호니가 마침내 껑충 뛰어내리며 말했다.

"가자, 그 뚱뚱보 녀석 꽁무니 뺄 줄 알았다니까."

"그럼 그 애 돈 6펜스는‥‥‥‥ 내가 말했다.

"그건 몰수하는 거야." 머호니가 말했다. "그럼 우리한텐 더 잘 됐지 뭐야-, 돈이 그만큼 더 불어났으니."

우리는 노드 스트랜드 가도를 지나 황산염 공장에 도달했고, 이내 오른쪽으로 돌아 부두가를 따라 걸어갔다. 사람들의 시선을 벗어나자마자 머호니는 인디언놀이를 시작했다. 그는 탄알을 재지 않은 새총을 휘두르며 남루한 옷을 입은 한 무리의 소녀들을 추격했다. 그리고 역시 남루한 옷을 입은 두 소년이 의협심(義俠心)에서 우리한테 돌을 던지자, 그들을 공격하자고 그는 제의했다. 소년들이 너무 작으니 그만두자고 내가 반대했으므로 우리들은 그대로 계속 걸어갔다. 그때 남루한 옷을 입은 애들의 무리가 우리들 등위에다 대고 '두렁이 친 놈들1)! 두렁이 친 놈들!'하고 고함을 질렀다. 그들은 우리들을 신교도로 생각하고 있었는데, 그 이유인즉 얼굴이 거무튀튀한 머호니가 모자에다 크리켓 클럽의 은 배지를 달고 있었기 때문이다. 스무딩 아이런2)까지 왔을 때, 우리는 포위전을 시도했으나, 그걸 하려면 최소한 세 사람이 있어야 했기 때문에 실패하고 말았다. 리오 딜런 녀석은 정말 겁쟁이야 라고 말하는 것으로, 그리고 그 녀석 3시에 라이언 선생한테서 몇 대나 맞게 될까 추측해 보는 것으로 우리는 그에 대한 분풀이를 했다.

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1) 보통 신교도들을 경멸하는 뜻으로 부르는 호칭.

2) 더블린 만(灣)에 있는 수영장.

We came then near the river. We spent a long time walking about the noisy streets flanked by high stone walls, watching the working of cranes and engines and often being shouted at for our immobility by the drivers of groaning carts. It was noon when we reached the quays and as all the labourers seemed to be eating their lunches, we bought two big currant buns and sat down to eat them on some metal piping beside the river We pleased ourselves with the spectacle of Dublin's commerce -- the barges signalled from far away by their curls of woolly smoke, the brown fishing fleet beyond Ringsend, the big white sailingvessel which was being discharged on the opposite quay. Mahony said it would be right skit to run away to sea on one of those big ships and even I, looking at the high masts, saw, or imagined, the geography which had been scantily dosed to me at school gradually taking substance under my eyes. School and home seemed to recede from us and their influences upon us seemed to wane.

We crossed the Liffey in the ferryboat, paying our toll to be transported in the company of two labourers and a little Jew with a bag. We were serious to the point of solemnity, but once during the short voyage our eyes met and we laughed. When we landed we watched the discharging of the graceful threemaster which we had observed from the other quay. Some bystander said that she was a Norwegian vessel. I went to the stern and tried to decipher the legend upon it but, failing to do so, I came back and examined the foreign sailors to see had any of them green eyes for I had some confused notion.... The sailors' eyes were blue and grey and even black. The only sailor whose eyes could have been called green was a tall man who amused the crowd on the quay by calling out cheerfully every time the planks fell:

"All right! All right!"

When we were tired of this sight we wandered slowly into Ringsend. The day had grown sultry, and in the windows of the grocers' shops musty biscuits lay bleaching. We bought some biscuits and chocolate which we ate sedulously as we wandered through the squalid streets where the families of the fishermen live. We could find no dairy and so we went into a huckster's shop and bought a bottle of raspberry lemonade each. Refreshed by this, Mahony chased a cat down a lane, but the cat escaped into a wide field. We both felt rather tired and when we reached the field we made at once for a sloping bank over the ridge of which we could see the Dodder.

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그러는 동안 우리는 강 가까이까지 왔다. 우리는 양쪽으로 높은 돌담이 둘러쳐진, 떠들썩한 거리를 돌아다니거나 여러 가지 크레인들과 엔진들이 일하는 것을 살펴보며, 이따금 삐걱거리는 마차를 모는 마부들로부터 비켜나라는 호령을 들으면서 오랜 시간을 보냈다. 부두에 도착했을 때는 정오였다. 그리고 노동자들이 모두 점심을 먹고 있는 듯이 보였으므로, 우리는 커다란 건포도빵 두 개를 사서 강가에 있는 어떤 금속판 위에 앉아 먹었다. 우리는 더블린의 교역이 이루어지고 있는 광경을 보자 기분이 좋았다--멀리서 소용돌이치는 양모 같은 연기를 뿜으며 신호를 보내고 있는 거룻배들, 링센드 등대 너머로 보이는 갈색의 고깃배들, 맞은편 부두에서 짐을 풀고 있는, 크고 하얀 돛을 단 배. 머호니는 저런 큰 배 하나를 타고 저 멀리 바다로 나가면 정말 신나겠다고 말했다. 그리고 높은 돛대를 쳐다보고 있던 나까지도 학교에서 대충 배운 바 있는 지리에 관한 지식이 내 눈앞에서 점점 분명해지는 것을 보거나 또는 상상했다. 학교와 집은 우리들로부터 멀리 사라져 간 듯했고, 우리들을 붙들고 있던 그들의 영향력 또한 약해진 듯 느껴졌다.

우리들은 두 사람의 노동자와 가방을 든, 키가 작은 유태인 한 사람과 함께 타고 가려고 뱃삯을 치른 다음 나룻배를 타고 리피강을 건넜다. 우리들은 엄숙하다고 할 만큼 심각해져 있었으나, 짧은 항해 동안 한 번 시선이 마주치자 큰 소리로 웃었다. 육지에 내렸을 때, 우리는 조금 전에 맞은편 부두에서 보았던 그 우아하고 세 개의 돛이 달린 배가 짐을 푸는 광경을 눈여겨보았다. 곁에 서 있던 어떤 사람이 그 배는 노르웨이 배라고 했다. 나는 배의 고물 쪽으로 가서, 그 곳에 새겨진 배의 명각을 살펴보려고 했으나 실패하고 다시 되돌아와서는 그 외국 선원들 가운데 누가 초록색 눈을 가지고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 왜냐하면 나는 그전부터 그런 혼란스런 생각을 해왔으니까‥‥‥ 선원들의 눈은 푸르거나 회색이고 심지어 검기까지 했다. 눈이 초록색이라고 할 수 있는 유일한 선원은 키가 큰 사람이었는데, 그는 널빤지가 떨어질 때마다 쾌활하게 소리를 질러 부두에 모인 사람들을 웃기고 있었다.

"좋아! 좋아!"

이 광경에도 싫증이 나자, 우리는 링센드 등대 쪽으로 서서히 거닐었다. 날씨는 벌써부터 찌는 듯이 더웠고, 식품점의 진열장에서는 곰팡이 핀 비스킷이 허옇게 바래고 있었다. 우리는 약간의 비스킷과 초콜릿을 사서 어부들의 가족들이 살고 있는 불결한 거리를 쏘다니며 열심히 먹었다. 우리는 우유 가게를 찾지 못했기 때문에 도붓장수 가게에 들어가 산딸기 레몬수 한 병씩을 쌌다. 그걸 마시고 기운을 되찾은 머호니는 고양이 한 마리를 뒤좇아 골목길로 달려 내려갔다. 그러나 고양이는 넓은 들판으로 도망치고 말았다. 우리 둘은 약간 피곤함을 느꼈으므로, 들판에 도착하자 이내 경사진 둑 쪽으로 향했다. 그곳 산 둥성이 너머로 도더 강을 볼 수 있었다.

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It was too late and we were too tired to carry out our project of visiting the Pigeon House. We had to be home before four o'clock lest our adventure should be discovered. Mahony looked regretfully at his catapult and I had to suggest going home by train before he regained any cheerfulness. The sun went in behind some

clouds and left us to our jaded thoughts and the crumbs of our provisions.

There was nobody but ourselves in the field. When we had lain on the bank for some time without speaking I saw a man approaching from the far end of the field. I watched him lazily as I chewed one of those green stems on which girls tell fortunes. He came along by the bank slowly. He walked with one hand upon his hip and in the other hand he held a stick with which he tapped the turf lightly. He was shabbily dressed in a suit of greenish-black and wore what we used to call a jerry hat with a high crown. He seemed to be fairly old for his moustache was ashen-grey. When he passed at our feet he glanced up at us quickly and then continued his way. We followed him with our eyes and saw that when he had gone on for perhaps fifty paces he turned about and began to retrace his steps. He walked towards us very slowly, always tapping the ground with his stick, so slowly that I thought he was looking for something in the grass.

He stopped when he came level with us and bade us goodday. We answered him and he sat down beside us on the slope slowly and with great care. He began to talk of the weather, saying that it would be a very hot summer and adding that the seasons had changed gready since he was a boy -- a long time ago. He said that the happiest time of one's life was undoubtedly one's schoolboy days and that he would give anything to be young again. While he expressed these sentiments which bored us a little we kept silent. Then he began to talk of school and of books. He asked us whether we had read the poetry of Thomas Moore or the works of Sir Walter Scott and Lord Lytton. I pretended that I had read every book he mentioned so that in the end he said:

"Ah, I can see you are a bookworm like myself. Now," he added, pointing to Mahony who was regarding us with open eyes, "he is different; he goes in for games."

He said he had all Sir Walter Scott's works and all Lord Lytton's works at home and never tired of reading them.

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시간이 너무 늦고, 너무 피곤해서 피전하우스 발전소로 가는 계획을 실행할 수가 없었다. 우리들은 모험이 발각되지 않으려면 4시 전에 집으로 돌아가야만 했다. 머호니는 유감스럽다는 듯 새총을 쳐다보았다. 그래서 나는 그가 쾌활한 기분을 되찾기 전에 기차를 타고 집으로 가자고 제의하지 않을 수 없었다. 해는 이미 몇 조각의 구름 뒤로 사라졌고, 우리들의 생각은 몹시도 지쳐 있었으며 먹을 거라고는 빵 부스러기밖에 남아 있지 않았다.

들판에 있는 사람이라곤 우리밖에 없었다. 우리들은 얼마 동안 말없이 둑 위에 누워 있었는데, 그때 나는 어떤 사나이가 들판 끝에서 이쪽으로 다가오고 있는 것을 보았다. 나는 소녀들이 운수占을 칠 때 사용하는 풀줄기를 씹으며 나른한 기분으로 그를 살펴보았다. 그는 둑을 따라 천천히 걸어왔다. 그는 한 손을 허리에다 얹고 또 다른 한 손에는 지팡이를 들고 있었는데, 그걸 가지고 잔디 풀을 가볍게 탁탁 쳤다. 그는 푸르스름한 검정 양복을 초라하게 입고 있었고, 우리가 보통 제리 모자라 부르는 춤 높은 모자를 쓰고 있었다. 그는 꽤 나이가 들어 보였다. 왜냐하면 콧수염이 반백으로 세어 있었기 때문이다. 발치를 지나칠 때, 그는 재빨리 우리를 흘끗 쳐다보더니 그냥 계속 걸어갔다. 우리가 눈으로 뒤좇아 보자, 그는 약 오 십 보(步) 가량 가다가 방향을 바꾸어 다시 이쪽으로 걸어오기 시작했다. 그는 우리를 향해 아주 천천히 걸어오면서 지팡이로 땅을 계속 탁탁 쳤다. 그의 발걸음이 어찌나 느리던지 그가 풀 속에서 무엇을 찾고 있는 게 아닐까 하고 나는 생각했다.

우리와 나란히 되자 그는 발걸음을 멈추고 우리에게 인사를 했다. 우리가 답례를 하자, 그는 우리 옆 경사진 언덕에 천천히 그리고 아주 조심스럽게 앉았다. 그는 날씨에 관해 이야기하기 시작했는데, 올 여름은 꽤 더울 것이라고 말하며 오래 전 자신이 어렸을 때하고는 계절이 아주 달라졌다고 덧붙여 말했다. 그는 인생에 있어서 가장 행복한 때는 분명히 학생시절이며, 다시 한 번 젊어질 수만 있다면 뭐든지 하겠노라고 말했다. 그가 이런 감상적인 이야기를 늘어놓고 있는 동안, 우리는 좀 지루해서 그대로 조용히 앉아 있었다. 그러자 그는 이번에는 학교와 책 이야기를 하기 시작했다. 그는 우리더러 토머스 무어3)의 시나, 월터 스코트4)경(卿)과 로드 리튼5)경(卿)의 작품들을 읽었느냐고 물었다. 그가 말한 책들을 내가 다 읽은 체하자 마침내 그는 이렇게 말했다.

"아, 알았다. 너도 나처럼 책벌레구나. 그런데," 그는 놀란 듯이 우리를 치켜보고 있는 머호니를 가리키며 말을 덧붙였다. “저 애는 달라. 장난꾸러기 같단 말이야."

그는 자기 집에 가면 월터 스코트 전집과 리튼 전집이 있는데 아무리 읽어도 싫증이 나지 않는다고 말했다.

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3) 아일랜드의 서정적인 민족시인(1779～1852). 시집 “아이리쉬 멜로다즈”로 유명함.

4) 스코틀랜드의 시인이자 역사 소설가(1771～1832). 작품의 낭만성으로 유명함.

5) 영국의 정치가이자 작가(1803～73). 폼페이 최후의 날“로 유명함.

"Of course," he said, "there were some of Lord Lytton's works which boys couldn't read." Mahony asked why couldn't boys read them -- a question which agitated and pained me because I was afraid the man would think I was as stupid as Mahony. The man, however, only smiled. I saw that he had great gaps in his mouth between his yellow teeth. Then he asked us which of us had the most sweethearts. Mahony mentioned lightly that he had three totties. The man asked me how many I had. I answered that I had none. He did not believe me and said he was sure I must have one. I was silent.

"Tell us," said Mahony pertly to the man, "how many have you yourself?"

The man smiled as before and said that when he was our age he had lots of sweethearts.

"Every boy," he said, "has a little sweetheart."

His attitude on this point struck me as strangely liberal in a man of his age. In my heart I thought that what he said about boys and sweethearts was reasonable. But I disliked the words in his mouth and I wondered why he shivered once or twice as if he feared something or felt a sudden chill. As he proceeded I noticed that his accent was good. He began to speak to us about girls, saying what nice soft hair they had and how soft their hands were and how all girls were not so good as they seemed to be if one only knew. There was nothing he liked, he said, so much as looking at a nice young girl, at her nice white hands and her beautiful soft hair. He gave me the impression that he was repeating something which he had learned by heart or that, magnetised by some words of his own speech, his mind was slowly circling round and round in the same orbit. At times he spoke as if he were simply alluding to some fact that everybody knew, and at times he lowered his voice and spoke mysteriously as if he were telling us something secret which he did not wish others to overhear. He repeated his phrases over and over again, varying them and surrounding them with his monotonous voice. I continued to gaze towards the foot of the slope, listening to him.

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"물론," 그는 말했다. '리튼경(卿)의 작품 가운데 애들이 읽을 수 없는 것이 더러 있지.“ 머호니는 왜 애들이 읽을 수 없느냐고 물었다. 이러한 질문은 나의 가슴을 두근거리게 했고 나를 괴롭혔다. 왜냐하면 그 사람이 나도 마호니처럼 머리가 둔한 놈이라고 생각할까봐 겁이 났기 때문이다. 그러니 그 사람은 그저 웃을 뿐이었다. 나는 그의 누런 이빨 사이에 커다란 틈이 벌어져 있는 것을 보았다. 그 다음에 그는 우리 중에 누가 더 많은 애인을 갖고 있느냐고 물었다. 머호니는 애인을 세 명 갖고 있다고 태연하게 말했다. 이번에는 나한테 애인이 몇이냐고 물었다. 나는 하나도 없다고 대답했다. 그는 내 말을 믿지 않으며, 하나쯤 갖고 있을 게 분명하다고 말했다. 나는 잠자코 있었다.

"말해 봐요," 머호니가 그 사람에게 버릇없이 말했다. "그럼 당신은 몇이나 갖고 있어요?"

남자는 아까처럼 웃으며 그가 우리 나이였을 때는 애인을 많이 갖고 있었다고 말했다.

'어느 애나 사랑하는 애인 하나는 갖고 있지." 그는 말했다.

이 점에 관한 그의 태도는 그만한 나이치곤 꽤나 솔직하다는 생각이 들게 했다. 그가 애들이나 애인에 관해서 한 말은 그럴싸한 이야기라는 생각이 마음속에 들었다. 그러나 그 사람의 입에서 나오는 말이 싫었다. 그리고 그는 마치 뭐가 무서운 듯 또는 갑작스런 오한(惡寒)을 느끼는 듯 한두 번씩 몸을 떨었는데 그 이유를 알 수 없었다. 그가 말을 계속 이어 가자, 나는 그의 발음이 좋다는 것을 알았다. 그는 우리들에게 소녀들에 관하여 이야기하기 시작했고, 그들은 얼마나 아름답고 고운 머리칼을 가졌으며, 손이 얼마나 부드러운가를 말했다. 그러나 알고 보면 소녀들이란 겉으로 보는 것만큼 그렇게 착하지만은 않다고 했다. 그는 아름답고 젊은 소녀를 보는 일과 그녀의 아름답고 하얀 손, 그리고 아름답고 부드러운 머리칼을 보는 것보다 더 좋아하는 것은 없다고 말했다. 그는 과거에 마음속에 암기해 두었던 어떤 말을 반복하고 있거나, 아니면 자기 자신이 한 말에 매료(魅了)되어 생각이 똑같은' 궤도를 따라 천천히 그리로 빙글빙글 맴돌고 있는 듯 한 인상을 주었다. 어떤 때는 모든 사람들이 다 알고 있는 무슨 사실을 단순히 암시하고 있는 듯 말을 했고, 또 어떤 때는 다른 사람들이 엿듣기를 원치 않는 무슨 秘密 이야기를 우리들에게 말 하고 있는 듯 목소리를 낮추어 은밀하게 이야기하기도 했다. 그는 같은 말을 몇 번이고 반복했는데, 단조로운 목소리로 그 말을 변형시키거나 그 주위를 맴돌고 있었다. 나는 그가 하는 말에 귀를 기울이면서 비탈진 쪽을 계속해서 바라보고 있었다.

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After a long while his monologue paused. He stood up slowly, saying that he had to leave us for a minute or so, a few minutes, and, without changing the direction of my gaze, I saw him walking slowly away from us towards the near end of the field. We remained silent when he had gone. After a silence of a few minutes I heard Mahony exclaim:

"I say! Look what he's doing!"

As I neither answered nor raised my eyes Mahony exclaimed again:

"I say... He's a queer old josser!"

In case he asks us for our names," I said "let you be Murphy and I'll be Smith."

We said nothing further to each other. I was still considering whether I would go away or not when the man came back and sat down beside us again. Hardly had he sat down when Mahony, catching sight of the cat which had escaped him, sprang up and pursued her across the field. The man and I watched the chase. The cat escaped once more and Mahony began to throw stones at the wall she had escaladed. Desisting from this, he began to wander about the far end of the field, aimlessly.

After an interval the man spoke to me. He said that my friend was a very rough boy and asked did he get whipped often at school. I was going to reply indignantly that we were not National School boys to be whipped, as he called it; but I remained silent. He began to speak on the subject of chastising boys. His mind, as if

magnetised again by his speech, seemed to circle slowly round and round its new centre. He said that when boys were that kind they ought to be whipped and well whipped. When a boy was rough and unruly there was nothing would do him any good but a good sound whipping. A slap on the hand or a box on the ear was no good: what he wanted was to get a nice warm whipping. I was surprised at this sentiment and involuntarily glanced up at his face. As I did so I met the gaze of a pair of bottle-green eyes peering at me from under a twitching forehead. I turned my eyes away again.

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한참 뒤에 그의 독백은 멎었다. 그는 1분 가량, 아니 몇 분 동안 어딜 좀 다녀와야겠다고 말하면서 천천히 자리에서 일어섰다. 나는 지금까지 바라보던 시선의 방향을 바꾸지 않은 채 그가 우리들 곁을 떠나 들판이 끝나는 쪽으로 천천히 걸어가는 것을 보았다. 그가 가버리자, 우리는 말없이 앉아 있었다. 잠시 침묵이 흐른 뒤에 나는 머호니가 외치는 소리를 들었다.

"글쎄! 저이 하는 짓 좀 봐!"

내가 대꾸도 않고 고개를 쳐들지도 않자, 머호니가 다시 외쳤다.

"글쎄‥‥‥ 저인 괴짜 영감이야 ! "

"저 사람이 우리들의 이름을 물을 경우엔 말이야," 나는 말했다. "넌 머피라 하고 난 스미스라고 하자."

우리는 더 이상 아무 말도 하지 않았다. 내가 그곳을 떠날까말까 망설이고 있는데, 그 男子는 다시 되돌아와서 우리 곁에 앉았다. 그가 자리에 앉자마자, 머호니는 그에게서 도망쳤던 고양이를 찾아내고, 껑충 자리에서 일어나며 들판을 가로질러 뒤쫓아 갔다. 그 사람과 나는 머호니가 고양이를 뒤쫓는 것을 지켜보고 있었다. 고양이가 다시 한 번 도망치자, 머호니는 고양이가 올라간 닿을 향해 돌을 던지기 시작했다. 이내 그는 그 짓을 그만두고 정처 없이 멀리 떨어진 들판의 끝 쪽을 배회하기 시작했다.

잠시 후에 그 사람은 내게 말을 걸었다. 그는 네 친구는 대단히 거친 아이라고 말하며, 학교에서 자주 매를 맞지 않느냐고 물었다. 나는 골이 나서 그의 말대로 매나 맞는 국립학교 학생 따윈 아니라고 대답할까 했으나, 잠자코 입을 다물고 있었다. 그는 이번에는 아이들을 징벌하는 문제에 관해 이야기하기 시작했다. 자신의 말에 다시 매혹된 듯, 그의 마음은 이 새로운 화제를 중심으로 빙빙 맴도는 듯 보였다. 아이들이 저럴 때는 매를 맞아야 한다, 맞아도 된통 맞아야 한다고 그는 말했다. 아이가 거칠고 맡을 듣지 않을 때는 따끔하게 한 대 때려 주는 것보다 더 좋은 약은 없다고 했다. 손바닥을 한 대쯤 찰싹 때린다거나, 뺨을 한 대쯤 때리는 것은 아무 소용이 없다는 것이었다. 자기가 바라는 것은 눈에 불 번쩍 날 정도로 호되게 한 대 때려 주는 것이라고 했다. 나는 이런 감정적인 말에 깜짝 놀라 무심결에 그의 얼굴을 흘끗 쳐다보았다. 그렇게 하자 나는 찡긋 움직이는 이마 아래서 나를 노려보는 한 쌍의 짙푸른 눈동자와 마주쳤다. 나는 또다시 시선을 다른 데로 돌리고 말았다.

___________________________________________________________________

The man continued his monologue. He seemed to have forgotten his recent liberalism. He said that if ever he found a boy talking to girls or having a girl for a sweetheart he would whip him and whip him; and that would teach him not to be talking to girls. And if a boy had a girl for a sweetheart and told lies about it then he would give him such a whipping as no boy ever got in this world. He said that there was nothing in this world he would like so well as that. He described to me how he would whip such a boy as if he were unfolding some elaborate mystery. He would love that, he said, better than anything in this world; and his voice, as he led me monotonously through the mystery, grew almost affectionate and seemed to plead with me that I should understand him.

I waited till his monologue paused again. Then I stood up abruptly. Lest I should betray my agitation I delayed a few moments pretending to fix my shoe properly and then, saying that I was obliged to go, I bade him good-day. I went up the slope calmly but my heart was beating quickly with fear that he would seize me by the ankles. When I reached the top of the slope I turned round and, without looking at him, called loudly across the field:

"Murphy!"

My voice had an accent of forced bravery in it and I was ashamed of my paltry stratagem. I had to call the name again before Mahony saw me and hallooed in answer. How my heart beat as he came running across the field to me! He ran as if to bring me aid. And I was penitent; for in my heart I had always despised him a little.

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그 사람은 독백을 계속했다. 그는 아까의 관용주의를 벌써 잊고 있는 듯이 보였다. 어떤 애가 소녀들한테 말을 걸거나, 소녀를 애인으로 삼고 있는 것이 발각되면 거듭 호되게 때릴 것이요, 그것이 藥이 되어 다시는 소녀들에게 말을 걸지 못하게 될 것이라고 했다. 만일 어떤 애가 애인이 있으면서도 없다고 거짓말을 하면, 그땐 세상에 이런 매도 있었던가 할 정도로 호되게 때려 줄 것인데, 세상에 이보다 더 시원한 일은 없을 거라고 그는 말했다. 그는 어떤 미묘한 비밀이라도 풀어 주고 있는 듯, 이러한 아이에게 매질하는 방법을 나에게 설명해 주었다. 이 세상에 그보다 더 통쾌한 일은 없으리라고 했다. 그리고 그와 같은 비밀 속으로 나를 한결같이 끌고 들어갈 때의 그의 목소리는 거의 愛情이 넘치듯 다정스러웠으며, 마치 나에게 자기 말을 이해해 달라고 애원하는 듯싶었다.

나는 그의 독백이 다시 멈출 매까지 기다렸다. 그러나 자리에서 이내 벌떡 일어섰다. 마음의 동요를 드러내지 않으려고 일부러 신발을 고쳐 신는 척하면서 나는 얼마 동안을 주춤거리다가 집에 가야겠다고 말하고는 그에게 작별인사를 했다. 나는 잠자코 언덕을 올라가긴 했으나, 발목이 붙잡히지나 않을까 하는 두려움 때문에 가슴이 몹시 두근거렸다. 언덕 꼭대기에 다다랐을 때, 나는 몸을 빙 돌리며 그를 쳐다보지 않은 채 들판을 가로질러 큰 소리로 불렀다.

"머피!"

내 목소리에는 억지로 용기를 내려는 듯한 기운이 어려 있었는데, 나는 그따위 나의 하찮은 잔꾀가 부끄러웠다. 머호니가 나를 보고 어이 하고 대답하기 전에 나는 그의 이름을 다시 부르지 않을 수 없었다. 그가 들판을 가로질러 내게로 달려왔을 때, 나의 가슴은 얼마나 두근거렸던가! 그는 마치 나에게 구원을 가져다 주듯 달려왔다. 그리고 나는 뉘우쳤다. 왜냐하면 마음속으로 나는 언제나 그를 약간 무시하고 있었기 때문이다.

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Note to : "An Encounter"

"An Encounter," the ninth of the fifteen stories in order of composition, was completed by 18 September 1905.

The Union Jack, Pluck and The Half-penny Marvel Popular magazines for boys, published in England by the Irish-born editor-publisher, Alfred C. Harmsworth (1865-1922). The Halfpenny Marvel began publication in 1893; the other two appeared in 1894. They were advertised as reform magazines that would replace sensational trash with good, clean, instructive stories of adventure for boys, what The Union Jack called "pure, healthy tales." They featured stories of American Indians, explorers, prospectors, sailors, and travelers.

eight o'clock mass every morning i.e., they were extraordinarily devout Catholics, although their devotional exercises would not have made them the outstanding exceptions in the Dublin of the 1890s that they would be in the U.S.A. of the 1980s. See Dub C99 : 12n.

in Gardiner Street At the Jesuit church of St. Francis Xavier in the northeast quadrant of Dublin..

Ya! yaka, yaka, yaka! A solemn cry of approbation, an American Indian ritual at formal or religious councils (according to the eighteenth-century American interpreter and frontier scout, Conrad Weiser, 1696-176o).

a vocation In the religious sense of a spiritual calling and in the secular sense of a job. A modern Dubliner would assume that in all probability Joe Dillon had discovered his "vocation" as a result of parental pressure, the parents' pursuit of the status "devout."

Hardly had the day dawned In Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic Wars) several of the accounts of a day's campaigning begin with phrases that could be translated this way. The allusion is apparently not to the story that follows the stock phrase but to the stock phrase itself, which is enough to stump Leo Dillon.

college Belvedere College, a Jesuit day school for boys, located in Great Denmark Street in the northeast quadrant of Dublin. Belvedere House itself was a handsome eighteenth-century country house which the expansion of metropolitan Dublin converted into a town house. The Jesuits acquired it in 1841 and added to its facilities until it was by 1895 a somewhat cramped quadrangle. The education was thorough and Jesuit in its quality although the school was not as fashionable as Clongowes Wood College (q.v. Por C9: 21n and A Portrait, Chapter I : B and I : D).

National School The Irish counterpart of the American public school, although bearing somewhat more resemblance to a trade or vocational school with its emphasis on useful skills. The system of Primary Education was established in Ireland in 1831-34, Intermediate Education (for children thirteen to sixteen years of age) in the years following 1859. The schools were dominated by an English, Protestant point of view and were suspected by the Irish of being part of a British plot to control Ireland religiously and socially as well as politically and economically.

The summer holidays were near at hand Cf. Luke 21:29-31, "And he spake unto them a parable; Behold the fig tree, and all the trees; When they now shoot forth, ye see and know of your own selves that summer is now nigh at hand. So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand."

miching Playing truant.

sixpence Worth between $1.00 and $2.00 in modern currency, depending of course

on what it was to be used for, but it would probably have represented at least one and possibly two weeks' allowance for each of the boys.

Canal Bridge Newcomen Bridge, which carries North Strand Road over the Royal Canal in the northeast quadrant of Dublin.

Wharf Road A popular name for East Wall (now East Wall Road). East Wall is a sea wall that runs southeast and then south, confining the River Tolka's delta and preventing the river (and Dublin Bay) from making inroads on eastern Dublin north of the Liffey. The wall had a road along its top.

the ferryboat Still crosses the Liffey just short of its mouth and about a mile downstream from the eastern-most of the Liffey bridges.

Pigeon House Originally named after the Pidgeon family, subsequently a fort ("an apology for a battery"), and then the Dublin electricity and power station, located on a breakwater that projects out into Dublin Bay as a continuation of the south bank of the Liffey. The dove (a relative of the pigeon) is also a traditional symbol for the Holy Ghost (Matthew 3: 16, John 1: 32; see Por C 149: 12n). There were far more direct routes southeast to the Pigeon House from Newcomen Bridge than the one the boys outline and eventually take. Their plan is "to stay out of sight," so they circle north before turning southeast and then south toward the mouth of the Liffey.

pipeclayed Pipeclay, a highly plastic and fairly pure clay of a greyish-white color used in making pipes. In this case it is used to clean and whiten canvas.

the mall Charleville Mall, on the south bank of the Royal Canal just west of Newcomen Bridge, where the boys

are to meet.

catapult A slingshot.

to have some gas with To joke with, to make mischief with.

funk To fail as a result of timidity or depression. As used below, Dub C22:32, pe22: 33, P32:33, a jerk.

a bob and a tanner A shilling and sixpence.

North Strand Road A part of the main road from Dublin to the northeast, it begins just southwest of Newcomen Bridge and runs northeast over the bridge to end at the River Tolka, which flows southeast along the northern face of East Wall.

the Vitriol Works The Dublin Vitriol Works Company, 17 Ballybough Road, on the northeastern outskirts of metropolitan Dublin. The Works was a landmark 250 yards west of where the boys turn "right" to walk southeast along East Wall (Wharf Road).

the Wharf Road See DubC21:14-15n.

ragged girls ... ragged boys ... the ragged troop There were both Protestant and Roman Catholic "ragged schools" in Dublin- The v were charitable institutions which provided free education and some food and clothing for the children of the very poor.

Swaddlers! A contemptuous Roman Catholic term, at first applied primarily to Wesleyan Methodists to Ireland and subsequently hurled at all Protestants . Various derivations have been suggested, but the term remains stubbornly meaningless in spite of its possible suggestion that Protestants are "swaddled" by rigid controls and restrictions.

the Smoothing Iron A bathing place on Dublin Bay off East Wall (Wharf Road). It was named after the shape of an outcrop of rock which resembled a pressing Iron and served as the pool's diving platform. Pool and rock have since disappeared in favor of a school and other improvements.

how many he would get at three o'clock Corporal punishment at Belvedere College (and Clongowes Wood College) consisted of neing struck on the hand with a pandybat (a leather strap reenforced with whalebone). Boys were never whipped and

were flogged only for an extreme offence and then in a very formal way. Punishment was not usually administered informally in the classroom. The offended teacher would instead write the number of blows to be received on a slip of paper and then twist it so that the offender could not read his sentence en route to the place w here punishment was administered daily at the end of school hours. It should also be noted that corporal punishment in Jesuit schools in Ireland at the turn of the century was far less threatening and cruel than it was in contemporary English private (in the American sense) schools.

Mr. Ryan Kevin Sullivan says that "Father Francis Ryan, S.J. . . . was officially assigned to teach Italian and French at Belvedere from 1894 to 1898" (Joyce Among the Jesuits [New York, 19581, p. 92).

Ringsend An area on the south bank of the Liffey at its mouth.

it would be right skit It would be very exciting or adventurous.

threemaster A three-masted sailing ship. Much of the world's commerce was still carried by sailing ships in the early years of this century.

green eyes In medieval tradition Odysseus was said to have had green eyes-the eyes of a vigorous, youthful man, the ultimate adventurer. Green eyes are also the sign of innocence or inexperience and, conversely, of a shifty and undependable person. See Dub C62:32-33n.

the Dodder A river which enters the Liffey from the south just short of the mouth of the Liffey and just west of Ringsend.

green stems on which girls tell fortunes The way in which the fibrous strands of certain plant stems curl when peeled back was regarded as an omen just as daisy petals are in the "he-loves-me-he-loves-me-not" game.

a jerry hat A round, stiff felt hat.

Thomas Moore Irish romantic poet (17791852), best known for rather mild love sone or verse, the interest of which turns upon marvelous and uncommon incidents."

Lord Lytton Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Baron Lytton (1803-73), English politician and novelist, who wrote not only historical novels (The Last Days of Pompeii, 1834) but also romances of terror and the supernatural and of crime and social injustice; these latter are "some of Lord Lytton's works which boys couldn't read." Public suspicion of the morality of some of Bulwer-Lytton's novels was reenforced by rumors of scandal in his private life.

totties Not only sweethearts as the context suggests but also, by innuendo, high-class prostitutes.

his accent was good i.e., in spite of his physical appearance he was recognizable as an educated person, a member of the middle class.

josser In English slang, a simpleton; also pidgin English for the worshiper of a joss (a god) and suggestive of the burning of joss sticks (sticks of incense).

National Schoolboys See Dub C2o : 29n and C22:32-33n.

bottle-green eyes See Dub C23 : 26n.

in my heart I had always despised him a little In II Samuel 6 Saul's daughter Michal sees King David playing "before the Lord" (6:21) "and she despised him in her heart" (6:16). Her punishment because she is unrepentent: she "had no child unto the day of her death" (6:23).

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3. Araby: - Short Summary

A youth in the throes of his first passion hopes to win a girl's affection by buying a gift at Araby, an Orientalist bazaar. But when he does go to Araby, he finds nothing but disappointment.

Dubliners[더블린 사람들] by James Joyce

3. ARABY

NORTH RICHMOND STREET being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free. An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbours in a square ground The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces.

The former tenant of our house, a priest, had died in the back drawing-room. Air, musty from having been long enclosed, hung in all the rooms, and the waste room behind the kitchen was littered with old useless papers. Among these I found a few paper-covered books, the pages of which were curled and damp: The Abbot, by Walter Scott, The Devout Communnicant and The Memoirs of Vidocq. I liked the last best because its leaves were yellow. The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple-tree and a few straggling bushes under one of which I found the late tenant's rusty bicycle-pump. He had been a very charitable priest; in his will he had left all his money to institutions and the furniture of his house to his sister.

When the short days of winter came dusk fell before we had well eaten our dinners. When we met in the street the houses had grown sombre. The space of sky above us was the colour of ever-changing violet and towards it the lamps of the street lifted their feeble lanterns. The cold air stung us and we played till our bodies glowed. Our shouts echoed in the silent street. The career of our play brought us through the dark muddy lanes behind the houses where we ran the gauntlet of the rough tribes from the cottages, to the back doors of the dark dripping gardens where odours arose from the ashpits, to the dark odorous stables where a coachman smoothed and combed the horse or shook music from the buckled harness. When we returned to the street light from the kitchen windows had filled the areas. If my uncle was seen turning the corner we hid in the shadow until we had seen him safely housed. Or if Mangan's sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea we watched her from our shadow peer up and down the street. We waited to see whether she would remain or go in and, if she remained, we left our shadow and walked up to Mangan's steps resignedly. She was waiting for us, her figure defined by the light from the half-opened door. Her brother always teased her before he obeyed and I stood by the railings looking at her. Her dress swung as she moved her body and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side.

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애 러 비

노드 리치먼드 가(街)는 막다른 골목으로. 기독형제 수도회의 학생들이 파해 나오는 시간 이외에는 조용한 거리였다. 그 막다른 골목 맨 끝에 사람이 살지 않는 이층집 한 채가 사각의 대지에 이웃집들로부터 떨어진 채 서 있었다. 이 거리의 다른 집들은 그 안에 살고 있는 사람들의 점잖은 삶을 의식이나 하는 듯, 태연한 갈색 얼굴로 서로 마주 보고 서 있었다.

우리 집에 전에 세들었던 사람은 신부였는데, 그는 뒤쪽 응접실에서 세상을 떠났다. 오랫동안 닫혀 있어서 곰팡냄새를 풍기는 공기가 방마다 어려 있었고, 부엌 뒤에 있는 창고에는 낡고 쓸모없는 휴지가 사방에 흩어져 있었다. 이들 가운데서 나는 몇 권의 문고판 책들을 찾아냈는데, 책장들이 돌돌 말려 있었고 습기로 축축해져 있었다. 월터 스코트의 “승원장”, “敬虔(경건)한 성찬배수자”, “비도크의 회고록” 등이었다. 나는 마지막 책을 제일 좋아했는데, 그 이유인즉 책장이 노랗기 때문이었다. 집 뒤의 황량한 정원에는 그 한복판의 사과나무 한 그루를 포함하여 덤불숲이 몇 군데 흩어져 있었다. 나는 그 중의 어떤 덤불 숲 밑에서 전에 세 들어 살던 사람이 쓰던 녹슨 자전거 펌프를 찾아냈다. 그는 대단히 자선심이 강한 신부였다. 유서에다 그의 전 재산을 자선 기관에, 그리고 집에서 쓰던 가구들은 그의 누이동생에게 모두 준다고 써놓았다.

겨울 해가 짧아지자, 저녁식사를 마치기도 전에 땅거미가 졌다. 우리가 거리에서 만났을 때, 집들은 벌써 어둠에 싸여 있었다. 머리 위의 넓은 하늘은 끝없이 변해 가는 보랏빛이었고, 그 하늘을 향해 가로등들이 희미한 불빛을 쳐들고 있었다. 차가운 공기가 살을 에는 듯했지만, 우리는 몸이 활활 타오를 때까지 뛰어 놀았다. 우리들의 고함 소리가 조용한 거리에 메아리쳤다. 놀다가 보면 우리는 집 뒤에 있는 캄캄한 진흙투성이 골목으로 뛰어 들어가게 되었는데, 거기서 우리는 오두막집에서 튀어나온 거친 패거리들의 공격을 양쪽에서 받고, 잿간에선 악취가 풍겨 올라오는 어둡고 물이 뚝뚝 떨어지는, 뜰로 들어가는 뒷문이나 마부가 말의 털을 문질러 주며 빗질을 해주지나 조임쇠가 달린 마구를 흔들어 소리를 내고 있는, 어둡고 냄새나는 마구간까지 달려가곤 했다. 우리들이 큰 거리로 되돌아오자 부엌 창문으로부터 새어 나오는 불빛이 그 근방 일대를 훤히 비추고 있었다. 아저씨가 길모퉁이를 돌아오는 것이 보이면, 그가 집안으로 들어갈 끌까지 우리는 어둠 속에 숨어 있었다. 또는 맨건의 누이가 문간에 나와 차를 마시라고 동생을 불러들일 때면, 우리는 그녀가 거리 위아래를 기웃거리는 것을 어둠 속에 숨어 살펴보았다. 우리는 그녀가 그곳에 그대로 머물러 있는지 아니면 안으로 들어가는지를 보려고 기다리다가, 만일 그녀가 그대로 있으면 할 수없이 어둠 속에서 나와 맨건네 집 층계쪽으로 걸어갔다. 그녀는 우리를 기다리고 있었는데, 반쯤 얼린 문간에서 새어 나오는 불빛으로 몸매의 윤곽이 드러나 보였다. 그녀의 동생은 누나가 시키는 대로하기 전에 언제나 그녀를 놀리곤 했고, 나는 그녀를 쳐다보며 난간 옆에 서 있었다. 그녀가 몸을 움직일 때마다 옷이 한들거렸고 그녀의 부드러운 머리채가 左右로 흔들렸다.

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Every morning I lay on the floor in the front parlour watching her door. The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen. When she came out on the doorstep my heart leaped. I ran to the hall, seized my books and followed her. I kept her brown figure always in my eye and, when we came near the point at which our ways diverged, I quickened my pace and passed her. This happened morning after morning. I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood.

Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance. on Saturday evenings when my aunt went marketing I had to go to carry some of the parcels. We walked through the flaring streets, jostled by drunken men and bargaining women, amid the curses of labourers, the shrill litanies of shop-boys who stood on guard by the barrels of pigs' cheeks, the nasal chanting of street-singers, who sang a come-all-you about O'Donovan Rossa, or a ballad about the troubles in our native land. These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom. I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.

One evening I went into the back drawing-room in which the priest had died. It was a dark rainy evening and there was no sound in the house. Through one of the broken panes I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water playing in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little. All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves and, feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: "O love! O love!" many times.

At last she spoke to me. When she addressed the first words to me I was so confused that I did not know what to answer. She asked me was I going to Araby. I forgot whether I answered yes or no. It would be a splendid bazaar, she said she would love to go.

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매일아침 나는 응접室 마루에 누워서 그녀네 집 문을 지켜보았다. 차일을 창틀로부터 일인치 정도 끌어내려 놓았기 때문에 나는 남의 눈에 피지 않았다 그녀가 문간 층계로 나왔을 때, 나의 심장은 뛰었다. 현관으로 달려가서 책을 움켜쥐고 그녀 뒤를 따랐다. 나는 그녀의 갈색 몸매에서 조금도 눈을 떼지 않고 있다가 길이 서로 갈라지는 지점까지 갔을 때, 발길을 재촉하여 그녀 곁을 지나쳤다. 이런 일이 매일아침 일어났다. 우연히 몇 마디 말을 나눈 일 이외에는 결코 그녀에게 말을 건네 본 적이 없었다. 그런데도 그녀의 이름은 나의 온몸의 어리석은 피를 불러 일깨우는 소환장과 같았다.

그녀의 영상은 로맨스와는 거리가 가장 먼 곳까지 나를 따라다녔다. 토요일 저녁마다 아주머니가 시장을 보러 갈 때, 나는 짐 꾸러미들을 들어 주기 위해 따라가지 않으면 안 되었다. 우리는 술주정꾼들과 물건을 흥정하는 여인들에게 떠밀리며, 일꾼들의 욕지거리, 돼지의 볼 살을 넣은 통 옆에서 지키고 서 있는 점원들이 되풀이하는 날카로운 외침 소리, 오도노번 롯사1)에 관한 (그대들 모두 오너라)라는 노래나 조국의 고통을 노래하는 민요를 부르는 거리와 가수들의 콧노래 소리를 뚫고, 번지르르한 거리를 헤치며 걸어갔다. 나에게는 이러한 잡음들이 한데 모여서 生에 대한 안일한 감동으로 바뀌었다. 즉 나는 성배를 붙잡고 수많은 적의 무리 속을 뚫고 무사히 운반하고 있는 듯 상상했다. 이따금씩 그녀의 이름이나

자신도 이해할 수 없는 이상한 기도와 찬송이 순간순간 입술을 통해 튀어나왔다. 이따금 나의 두 눈에 눈물이 가득 괴고(나는 그 이유를 알 수 없었다) 때때로 나의 심장에서 어떤 홍수가 가슴속으로 쏟아져 나오는 듯 느껴졌다. 나는 앞일에 대해서 별로 생각하지 않았다. 그녀에게 말을 걸어야 할지 또는 말을 건다면 나의 혼란스런 연정을 어떻게 전해야 할지 알 수가 없었다. 그러나 나의 몸은 마치 하프와 같았고, 그녀의 말과 몸짓은 그 하프의 줄을 튀기는 손가락과 같았다.

어느 날 저녁 나는 신부가 임종했던 뒤쪽 응접실로 들어갔다. 어두컴컴하고 비가 내리는 저녁이었으며, 집안에서는 아무 소리도 들리지 않았다. 깨진 창문으로부터 땅에 부딪치는 빗소리며 계속해서 내리는, 바늘과 같은 가랑비로 함빡 젖은 화단 위에서 나는 듯 한 어떤 소리가 들려 왔다. 저 멀리 아래쪽에서 등불인지 아니면 불을 켠 창문인지가 보였다. 나는 거의 아무것도 볼 수 없는 것이 고마웠다. 나의 모든 감각은 그 자체를 감추려는 욕망에 사로잡힌 듯 느껴졌고, 나 스스로 그 감각으로부터 빠져 나와야겠다는 느낌이 들자, 나는 손바닥이 부들부들 떨릴 때까지 두 손을 꽉 쥐며, '오, 사랑! 오, 사랑!' 하고 몇 번이고 중얼거렸다.

마침내 그녀가 내게 말을 걸어왔다. 그녀가 첫 몇 마디 말을 내게 건넸을 때, 나는 너무나 당황한 나머지 뭐라고 대답해야 할지를 몰랐다. 그녀는 나에게 '애러비2)'에 갈 작정이냐고 물었다. 나는 간다고 했는지 가지 않는다고 했는지 잊어버렸다. 참 멋진 장일 것이라며 그녀는 가고 싶다고 했다.

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1) 아일랜드의 정치가며 비밀결사 프리메이슨의 창설자(1831～1915).

2) 1894년 5월에 더블린에서 개최되었던 바자 名으로, 애러비는 아라비아(Arabia)의 시명.

"And why can't you?" I asked.

While she spoke she turned a silver bracelet round and round her wrist. She could not go, she said, because there would be a retreat that week in her convent. Her brother and two other boys were fighting for their caps and I was alone at the railings. She held one of the spikes, bowing her head towards me. The light from the lamp opposite our door caught the white curve of her neck, lit up her hair that rested there and, falling, lit up the hand upon the railing. It fell over one side of her dress and caught the white border of a petticoat, just visible as she stood at ease.

"It's well for you," she said.

"If I go," I said, "I will bring you something."

What innumerable follies laid waste my waking and sleeping thoughts after that evening! I wished to annihilate the tedious intervening days. I chafed against the work of school. At night in my bedroom and by day in the classroom her image came between me and the page I strove to read. The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me. I asked for leave to go to the bazaar on Saturday night. My aunt was surprised and hoped it was not some Freemason affair. I answered few questions in class. I watched my master's face pass from amiability to sternness; he hoped I was not beginning to idle. I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me child's play, ugly monotonous child's play.

On Saturday morning I reminded my uncle that I wished to go to the bazaar in the evening. He was fussing at the hallstand, looking for the hat-brush, and answered me curtly:

"Yes, boy, I know."

As he was in the hall I could not go into the front parlour and lie at the window. I left the house in bad humour and walked slowly towards the school. The air was pitilessly raw and already my heart misgave me.

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"그런데 왜 못 가지 ?" 나는 물었다.

이야기를 하는 동안 그녀는 손목에 낀 팔찌를 뱅글뱅글 들렸다. 그 주일엔 그녀가 다니는 수도원에서 피정(避靜)이 있기 때문에 갈 수 없다고 했다. 그녀의 동생과 다른 두 아이들은 帽子뺏기 장난을 하고 있었고, 나는 홀로 난간 옆에 서 있었다. 그녀는 내 쪽으로 머리를 숙인 채 난간의 기둥 하나를 붙잡고 있었다. 우리 집 문 맞은편에 있는 가로등 불빛이 그녀의 흰 목덜미의 곡선을 지나 어깨 위의 머리칼을 비추었고, 다시 그 빛은 난간 위의 그녀의 손을 비추었다. 그 불빛은 그녀의 한쪽 옷자락을 비추었고, 그녀가 편안히 서 있을 때는 보일 듯 말 듯 속치마의 하얀 가장자리를 비추었다.

"넌 참 좋겠다." 그녀가 말했다.

"내가 가면 너한테 뭘 사다 줄께." 나는 말했다.

그 날 저녁 以後로 얼마나 헤아릴 수 없이 많은 어리석은 생각들이 나의 의식과 무의식을 황폐하게 만들었던가! 나는 시장이 열리기까지의 지루한 나날을 한꺼번에 없애 버리고 싶었다. 학업에도 짜증이 났다. 밤에는 침실에서, 낮에는 학교교실에서 그녀의 영상이 떠올라 내가 읽으려고 애쓰는 책장 사이에 나타났다. '애러비'라는 말의 음절이 나의 영혼이 즐기는 침묵을 통해서 내게 계속 들려 왔고, 나에게 일종의 동방적인 마법을 거는 것 같았다. 나는 토요일 밤에 시장에 가게 허락해 달라고 말했다. 아주머니는 이 말에 깜짝 놀라며 무슨 비밀결사에라도 참가한 게 아니냐고 말했다. 나는 교실에서 질문에 별반 대답도 잘 하지 못했다. 나는 선생님의 얼굴이 상냥한 표정에서 굳어져 가는 것을 보았다. 선생님은 내가 게을러지기 시작한 게 아닌가 하고 염려했다. 나는 여러 가지 흩어진 생각들을 한 곳에 집중시킬 수가 없었다. 나는 인생의 심각한 일은 거의 견디어 낼 수가 없었다. 그것들은 나와 내 욕망을 가로막고 있었기에 나에게는 어린애 장난, 보기 흉하고 단조로운 어린애 장난 처 럼 느껴졌다.

토요일 아침 나는 아저씨에게 오늘 저녁에 시장에 가고 싶다는 것을 상기시켰다. 그는 현관 장에서 모자솔을 찾느라고 부산을 떨고 있다가 내 말에 짧게 대답했다.

"그래, 알아."

그가 현관에 있었기 때문에 나는 정면 응접실로 들어가서 창가에 드러누울 수가 없었다. 나는 집안 분위기가 좋지 않은 것을 느끼고 학교를 향해 천천히 걸어갔다. 공기가 무자비할 정도로 차가워서 얼떨떨했고 마음은 벌써부터 불안했다.

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When I came home to dinner my uncle had not yet been home. Still it was early. I sat staring at the clock for some time and. when its ticking began to irritate me, I left the room. I mounted the staircase and gained the upper part of the house. The high cold empty gloomy rooms liberated me and I went from room to room singing. From the front window I saw my companions playing below in the street. Their cries reached me weakened and indistinct and, leaning my forehead against the cool glass, I looked over at the dark house where she lived. I may have stood there for an hour, seeing nothing but the brown-clad figure cast by my imagination, touched discreetly by the lamplight at the curved neck, at the hand upon the railings and at the border below the dress.

When I came downstairs again I found Mrs. Mercer sitting at the fire. She was an old garrulous woman, a pawnbroker's widow, who collected used stamps for some pious purpose. I had to endure the gossip of the tea-table. The meal was prolonged beyond an hour and still my uncle did not come. Mrs. Mercer stood up to go: she was sorry she couldn't wait any longer, but it was after eight o'clock and she did not like to be out late as the night air was bad for her. When she had gone I began to walk up and down the room, clenching my fists. My aunt said:

"I'm afraid you may put off your bazaar for this night of Our Lord."

At nine o'clock I heard my uncle's latchkey in the halldoor. I heard him talking to himself and heard the hallstand rocking when it had received the weight of his overcoat. I could interpret these signs. When he was midway through his dinner I asked him to give me the money to go to the bazaar. He had forgotten.

"The people are in bed and after their first sleep now," he said.

I did not smile. My aunt said to him energetically:

"Can't you give him the money and let him go? You've kept him late enough as it is."

My uncle said he was very sorry he had forgotten. He said he believed in the old saying: "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." He asked me where I was going and, when I had told him a second time he asked me did I know The Arab's Farewell to his Steed.

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저녁밥을 먹으러 집에 들어갔을 때까지도 아저씨는 아직 집에 돌아오지 않았다. 아직 시간이 일렀다. 나는 얼마 동안 멍하니 시계를 쳐다보고 있다가, 그 짤깍하는 소리가 신경에 거슬리기 시작하자 방을 나와 버렸다. 층계를 올라 이층에 다다랐다. 높고 춥고 텅 빈 우중충한 방이 나를 해방시켜 주는 듯해서 나는 노래를 부르며 이 방 저 방을 돌아다녔다. 정면 창문에서 나는 친구들이 저 아래거리에서 놀고 있는 것을 내려다보았다. 그들의 고함 소리가 약하고 불분명하게 들려 왔고, 나는 차가운 유리창에 이마를 기댄 채 그녀가 사는 어두운 집을 건너다보았다. 나의 상상력이 그려 낸, 가로등에 목덜미의 곡선, 난간을 짚은 손 그리고 속치마의 가장자라를 약간 드러낸 갈색 옷을 입은 그녀의 자태만을 마음속에 그리면서 나는 그곳에 한 시간 동안 서 있었던 것 같다.

내가 다시 아래 충으로 내려와 보니 머서夫人이 난로가에 앉아 있었다. 늙고 수다스런 이 부인은 전당포집 과부였는데, 어떤 종교적 목적으로 헌 우표를 모으고 있었다. 나는 그녀가 차를 마시며 늘어놓는 수다를 참고 들어야만 했다. 저녁식사를 한 시간 이상이나 늦추었는데도 여전히 아저씨는 돌아오지 않았다. 여덟시가 지나자 머사부인은 가려고 자리에서 일어섰다. 더 이상 기다릴 수가 없어서 미안하다고 말했다. 그녀는 밤 공기가 건강에 좋지 않다며 밤늦게 나다니는 것을 싫어했다. 그녀가 가버리자, 나는 두 주먹을 불끈 움켜쥐고 방안에서 이리저리 서성거리기 시작했다. 아주머니가 말했다.

"너 오늘밤 장에 가는 것을 연기해야 할 것 같다."

아홉시가 되어서야 아저씨가 현관문을 여는 열쇠 소리가 들렸다. 나는 아저씨가 혼잣말로 중얼거리는 소리도 들었고, 옷걸이에 외투를 걸자 그 무게 때문에 그것이 마구 흔들리는 소리도 들었다. 나는 이러한 조짐들이 무엇을 뜻하는지 알 수 있었다. 아저씨가 한창 저녁을 드는 도중에 나는 장에 갈 돈을 달라고 했다. 그는 까맣게 잊어버리고 있었다.

"사람들이 벌써 잠자리에 들어 한참 잤을 시간인데." 그는 말했다.

나는 웃지 않았다. 아주머니가 그에게 힘주어 말했다.

"저 애한테 돈을 줘서 가도록 해줘요. 당신 때문에 이렇게 늦었으니."

아저씨는 자기가 잊고 있어서 미안하다고 했다. 그는 "공부만 하고 놀지 않으면 바보가 된다"라는 옛 격언을 믿는다고 말했다. 내게 어딜 가느냐고 물었고, 내가 다시 그에게 그걸 일러주었을 때, “아랍인의 말(馬)에 대한 작별인사”란 시3)를 알고 있느냐고 그는 물었다.

_________________

3) 캐롤라인 노턴 (Caroline Norton, 1808～77)의 詩.

When I left the kitchen he was about to recite the opening lines of the piece to my aunt.

I held a florin tightly in my hand as I strode down Buckingham Street towards the station. The sight of the streets thronged with buyers and glaring with gas recalled to me the purpose of my journey. I took my seat in a third-class carriage of a deserted train. After an intolerable delay the train moved out of the station slowly. It crept onward among ruinous house and over the twinkling river. At Westland Row Station a crowd of people pressed to the carriage doors; but the porters moved them back, saying that it was a special train for the bazaar. I remained alone in the bare carriage. In a few minutes the train drew up beside an improvised wooden platform. I passed out on to the road and saw by the lighted dial of a clock that it was ten minutes to ten. In front of me was a large building which displayed the magical name.

I could not find any sixpenny entrance and, fearing that the bazaar would be closed, I passed in quickly through a turnstile, handing a shilling to a weary-looking man. I found myself in a big hall girdled at half its height by a gallery. Nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness. I recognised a silence like that which pervades a church after a service. I walked into the centre of the bazaar timidly. A few people were gathered about the stalls which were still open. Before a curtain, over which the words Cafe Chantant were written in coloured

lamps, two men were counting money on a salver. I listened to the fall of the coins.

Remembering with difficulty why I had come I went over to one of the stalls and examined porcelain vases and flowered tea- sets. At the door of the stall a young lady was talking and laughing with two young gentlemen. I remarked their English accents and listened vaguely to their conversation.

"O, I never said such a thing!"

"O, but you did!"

"O, but I didn't!"

"Didn't she say that?"

"Yes. I heard her."

----------------------------------------

내가 부엌을 나을 때 아저씨는 그 시의 첫 행을 아주머니에게 막 읊어 주고 있었다.

나는 손에 플로린4) 하나를 꼭 쥐고 정차장을 향해 버킹엄 가(街)를 걸어 내려갔다. 물건 사는 사람들로 가득 찬거리와 가스등으로 빛나는 거리의 광경을 보자, 나는 새삼스레 나의 여행의 목적이 생각났다. 나는 텅 빈 기차의 3등간에 자리를 잡았다. 참을 수 없을 만큼 지체한 다음 기차는 천천히 역을 빠져나갔다. 기차는 기어가듯 황폐한 집들 사이를 빠져나가 반짝이는 강 위를 지나갔다. 웨스틀랜드 로우 정차장에서 한 떼의 사람들이 열차 문으로 밀어 닥쳤으나, 역원들이 시장으로 가는 특별열차라고 말하면서 그들을 뒤로 밀어냈다. 텅 빈 열차에 나 혼자 앉아 있었다. 잠시 후에 열차는 나무로 가설한 플랫폼 옆에 다다랐다. 한길로 빠져나가 조명 시계자판을 보니, 10시 10분 전이었다. 내 앞에는 그 마력의 이름을 드러내 보이는 커다란 건물이 있었다.

나는 아무리 찾아도 6펜스를 내고 들어가는 출입구를 발견하지 못했고 또 혹시 장이 파해 버릴까 염려되어, 지친 듯 보이는 한 남자에게 1실링을 주고 재빨리 회전문을 통하여 안으로 들어갔다. 절반 높이까지 회랑(回廊)으로 둘러싸인 커다란 홀에 들어가 있었다. 거의 모든 상점들의 문이 닫혀 있었고 홀의 대부분이 어둠에 잠겨 있었다. 나는 미사가 끝난 뒤 성당에 감도는 것과 같은 정적을 그곳에서 느꼈다. 나는 겁에 질린 듯 조심조심 시장 한가운데로 걸어 들어갔다. 몇몇 사람들을 아직도 문이 열려 있는 상점들 주위에 모여 있었다. '까페 샹땅'이란 글씨가 색등으로 씌어 진 커튼 앞에서 두 남자가 쟁반에다 돈을 놓고 세고 있었다. 나는 동전이 떨어지는 소리에 귀를 기울이고 있었다.

내가 여기 온 이유를 그제야 간신히 생각해 내고서 나는 어떤 상점으로 가서, 그곳의 도자기 화병과 꽃무늬가 그려진 찻잔 세트를 살펴보았다. 상점 문간에서 한 젊은 여자가 두 젊은 남자와 이야기하며 웃고 있었다. 그들의 영국식 말투를 눈치 채면서 나는 그들의 대화에 멍청하니 귀를 기울이고 있었다.

"아이, 난 그런 말은 결코 하지 않았어요!

"아, 하지만 당신 했잖았소!"

"아이, 난 그런 일이 없다니까 요!"

"저 여자가 말 했잖았어 ?"

"그래, 나도 들었어."

_________________________

4) 2실링짜리 은화.

"O, there's a ... fib!"

Observing me the young lady came over and asked me did I wish to buy anything. The tone of her voice was not encouraging; she seemed to have spoken to me out of a sense of duty. I looked humbly at the great jars that stood like eastern guards at either side of the dark entrance to the stall and murmured:

"No, thank you."

The young lady changed the position of one of the vases and went back to the two young men. They began to talk of the same subject. once or twice the young lady glanced at me over her shoulder.

I lingered before her stall, though I knew my stay was useless, to make my interest in her wares seem the more real. Then I turned away slowly and walked down the middle of the bazaar. I allowed the two pennies to fall against the sixpence in my pocket. I heard a voice call from one end of the gallery that the light was out. The upper part of the hall was now completely dark.

Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.

---------------------------

"아이, 그건‥‥‥ 거짓말이에요!"

나를 보더니 그 젊은 여자는 내게로 다가와서, 뭘 살 게 있느냐고 물었다. 권하는 말투가 아니었다. 의무감에서 말하는 것처럼 보였다. 나는 그 상점의 어두컴컴한 입구 양쪽에 동방의 보초병처럼 서 있는 커다란 항아리들을 겸허하게 바라보며 중얼거렸다.

"아니, 괜찮아요."

그 젊은 여자는 꽃병 한 개의 위치를 바꿔 놓은 다음, 두 젊은 사나이에게로 되돌아갔다. 그들은 똑같은 이야기를 다시 하기 시작했다. 한두 번 그 젊은 여인은 어깨 너머로 나를 흘끗 쳐다보았다.

내가 그곳에 머물러 있는 것이 아무런 소용이 없다는 것을 알면서도, 나는 그녀의 상품에 대한 나의 관심이 더 사실인 것처럼 보이게 하려고 그 상점 앞에서 계속 서성거리고 있었다. 그런 다음 나는 천천히 돌아서서 시장 한 가운데를 걸어 내려갔다. 동전 두 닢을 나의 주머니에 있는 6펜스 짜리 동전에다 떨어뜨렸다. 회랑 끝에서 불이 나갔다고 외치는 한 가닥 목소리가 들렸다. 홀의 위쪽은 이제 완전히 캄캄했다.

그 어둠을 꿰뚫어 보면서 나는 나 자신이 허영에 몰리고 또 조소를 받는 한 마리 짐승 같다는 생각을 해보았다. 그리고 내 두 눈은 번민과 분노에 불타고 있었다.

_______________________________

Note to : Araby

"Araby" was finished and added to the sequence of stories in October 1905. It was eleventh in order of composition.

Araby A bazaar, advertised as a "Grand Oriental Fete" and given in aid of the Jervis Street Hospital (under the care of the Roman Catholic Sisters of Mercy), Monday through Saturday, 14-19 May 1894. Araby was a poetic name for Arabia and was suggestive of the heady and sensuous romanticism of popular tales and poems about the Middle East. The bazaar's theme song:

I'll sing thee songs of Araby,

And tales of fair Cashmere,

Wild tales to cheat thee of a sigh,

Or charm thee to a tear.

And dreams of delight shall on thee break,

And rainbow visions rise,

And all my soul shall strive to wake

Sweet wonder in thine eyes ...

Through those twin lakes, when wonder wages,

My raptured song shall sink,

And as the diver dives for pearls,

Bring tears, bright tears to their brink,

And rainbow visions rise,

And all my soul shall strive to wake,

Sweet wonder in thine eyes ...

To cheat thee of a sigh, Or charm thee to a tear!

Words by W G. Wills,

music by Frederick Clay

The first four stanzas of "Araby's Daughter," a ballad by Thomas Moore, suggest the tone of this nineteenth-century fascination with Araby:

Farewell-farewell to thee,

Araby's daughter!

(Thus warbled a peri [nymph in Persian myth] beneath the dark sea,)

No pearl ever lay, under Oman's green water

More pure in its shell than thy spirit in thee.

Oh! fair as the sea-flower close to thee growing,

How light was thy heart till Love's witchery came,

Like the wind of the South o'er a summer lute blowing,

And hush'd all its music, and wither'd its frame!

But long, upon Araby's green sunny highlands,

Shall maids and their lovers remember the doom

Of her, who lies sleeping among the Pearl Islands,

With nought but the sea-star to light up her tomb.

And still, when the merry date-season is burning,

And calls to the palm-groves the young and the old,

The happiest here from their pastime returning

At sunset will weep when thy story is told.

From Ballads of Ireland, ed. Edward Hayes

(Edinburgh, n.d.), 2:301

North Richmond Street Off North Circular Road in the northeast quadrant of Dublin. The Joyces lived at number 17 from 1894-96. The street was lined with modest but not poor dwellings in the 1890s.

blind i.e., a dead-end street, which North Richmond Street is.

Christian Brothers' School A Roman Catholic Male School of the Christian Brothers stood on the northwest corner of North Richmond Street and North Circular Road. It was a day school maintained by a teaching brotherhood of Catholic laymen, bound under temporary vows. The original Christian Brothers' School was founded at Waterford in southeastern Ireland by Edmund Ignatius Rice (1762-1844) in 1802, when it was illegal for children in Ireland to be given a Catholic education. The Christian Brothers were supported by public contributions; they charged very low fees for their services and were more interested in practical than in academic education.

brown The implication of this color is spelled out in Stephen Hero: one of those brown brick houses which seem the very incarnation of Irish paralysis" (p. 2I 1).

The Abbot, by Walter Scott A novel (1820) which combines history and romance in a rather inventive version of the story of Mary Queen of Scots (1542-87). Mary is not the ambiguous devout Catholic and/or "harlot queen" of history but an unambiguously pure and romantic ideal. The novel's young hero is transformed overnight from a youth of no importance into the imprisoned Mary's page and the all-important guardian of her state secrets.

The Devout Communicant Or Pious Meditations and Aspirations for the Three Days Before and the Three Days After Receiving the Holy Eucharist (1813) by the English Franciscan Friar, Pacificus Baker (1695-1774). one nineteenth-century critic remarked about Baker's books that they are "without much originality ... remarkable for unction, solidity, and moderation; but we wish the style was less diffuse and redundant of words."

The Memoirs of Vidocq The inauthentic and/or unreliable memoirs (1829) of Frangois-Jules Vidocq (1775-1857). Vidocq began a promising career as a criminal, became an informer, and, in 1812, a detective. His career as detective was somewhat marred by the suspicion that he was as brilliant at playing the agent provocateur and creating crimes to detect as he was at detecting them. His memoirs present him as a master of disguises and duplicities, one who has (with sangfroid) experienced every possible escapade on both sides of the law. Vidocq, since he (or his ghost writer) was writing fiction, could manage something for everyone; as the preface to an American translation (Philadelphia, 1859) points out: something for the "amateur of fun" interested in humor, for the "reflective reader" interested in psychology and motive, for the moralist who desires to see vice and to see it punished, and for the prurient who are interested in the sexual mores of criminal types, the latter element "pruned down" by the Philadelphia translators in deference to "American taste when considered (as we consider it) synonymous with decency and decorum" (p. 20).

charitable In the secular sense of philanthropic generosity and in the religious sense of love for God and for all mankind. See Por C148 :18n.

the cottages i.e., Richmond Cottages, a lane off North Richmond Street which was lined with small dwellings for the poor.

Mangan's sister No Mangan family lived in North Richmond Street in the 1890s. James Clarence Mangan (1803-49), who lends his name but not his relationship, was a minor but famous Irish romantic poet. He was fascinated by the romantic aura that had been cast over things Middle Eastern by Byron, Moore, and others, and Mangan, though he knew no Arabic at all, liked to pretend that many of his poems were translations from that language. The boy's preoccupation with Mangan's sister can be contrasted with the self-dedication of the speaker in one of Mangan's most popular poems, "Dark Rosaleen" (Dark Rosaleen is a personification of Ireland). The first and last two of the poem's seven stanzas:

O, My Dark Rosaleen, Do not sigh,

Do not weep!

The priests are on the ocean green,

They march along the deep.

There's wine from the royal Pope,

Upon the ocean green;

And the Spanish ale shall give you hope,

My Dark Rosaleen!

My own Rosaleen!

Shall glad your heart, shall give you hope,

My Dark Rosaleen!

I could scale the blue air,

I could plough the high hills,

Oh, I could kneel all night in prayer, To heal your many ills!

And one beamy smile from you Would float like light between

My toils and me, my own, my true, My Dark Rosaleen!

My fond Rosaleen!

Would give me life and soul anew, A second life, a soul anew,

My Dark Rosaleen!

O! the Erne shall run red

With redundance of blood,

The earth shall rock beneath our tread,

And flames wrap hill and wood,

And gun-peal, and slogan cry

Wake many a glen serene,

Ere you shall fade, ere you shall die,

My Dark Rosaleen!

My own Rosaleen!

The Judgment House must be full nigh,

Ere you fade, ere you can die,

My Dark Rosaleen.

a come-all-you about O'Donovan Rossa A come-all-you is a topical song sung on the streets and in public houses, announced by the conventional introductory line, "Come all you gallant Irishmen and listen to my song." Jeremiah O'Donovan (1831-1915) was a Fenian leader whose advocacy of violent measures in Ireland's struggle for independence, together with his birthplace, Ross Carberry in County Cork, earned him the nickname Dynamite Rossa. He was a leader of the revolutionary Phoenix Society (a literary and political group in County Cork). A priest and an informer turned O'Donovan and his Society over to the British, but the "Phoenix Conspiracy" trial in 1859 did little except provide the revolutionaries with free publicity, and O'Donovan was released. After a sojourn in the United States, he returned to Ireland in 1863 to become business manager of the radical paper, Irish People. In 1865 the paper was seized and O'Donovan was convicted of treason-felony and sentenced to life in prison. He was treated somewhat inhumanely in prison, and his sufferings made him so famous that County Tipperary elected him to Parliament in 1869 while he was still in prison. In 1870 his life sentence was commuted to banishment, and he returned to the United States where he edited The United Irishman. He was again in Ireland from 1891 until I900, although at that time he was a symbol rather than an actor in the Irish political scene. one street ballad about O'Donovan, "Rossa's Farewell to Erin":

Farewell to friends of Dublin Town,

I bid ye all adieu.

I cannot yet appoint the day

That I'll return to you.

I write these lines on board a ship,

Where the stormy billows roar.

May heaven bless our Fenian men,

Till I return once more.

I joined the Fenian Brotherhood

In the year of Sixty-Four,

Resolved to save my native land

Or perish on the shore;

My friends and me we did agree

Our native land to save,

And to raise the flag of freedom

O'er the head of Emmet's grave.

My curse attend those traitors

Who did our cause betray;

I'd throw a rope around their necks,

And drown them in the Bay.

There was Nagle, Massey,

Corydon, And Talbot-he makes four;

Like demons for their thirst of gold,

They're punished evermore.

Let no man blame the turnkey

Nor any of the men;

There's no one knows but two of us

The man who served my friend.

I robbed no man, I spilt no blood,

Tho' they sent me to jail;

Because I was O'Donovan Rossa,

And a son of Granuaile.

From Colm O Lochlainn, Irish Street Ballads

(Dublin and London, 1939), p. 68

Granuaile is the Irish name of Grace O'Malley (c. 1520-c. 1600) a leader of the rebellious in western Ireland and, like the Poor Old Woman (the Shan Van Vocht) and Dark Rosaleen, symbolic of Ireland.

I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes Chalice implies "that which I idealize or worship," and the whole context echoes nineteenth-century versions of legendary quests for the Holy Grail. Cf. Dub C14: 28n. a retreat that week in her convent The convent school which she attends is to devote several days to a withdrawal from worldly concerns during which students and teachers will spend their time in meditation, prayer, and attendance at special sermons. There is a notable retreat in A Portrait, Chapter III.

It's well for you Obviously, "you're lucky," but the Irish-English idiom frequently carries an overtone of envy or bitterness.

some Freemason affair The Masons were regarded as vigilant, powerful, and subversive enemies of Roman Catholicism. Traditionally, Irish Catholics suspect the Masons of being atheists, though the Masonic Oath requires belief in a Supreme Being (or Architect), and Irish Freemasonry has been essentially Protestantestablish- ment in its orientation. The aunt is apparently not aware that the bazaar is for the benefit of a Roman Catholic hospital (see Dub C29: in), though she may have simply confused this bazaar with one of two years before, the Masonic Centenary Exhibition and Bazaar in Aid of the Masonic Female Orphan's School, 1 7 May 1892.

collected used stamps for some pious purpose She would give them to the local foreign missions officer of the Catholic Church, who would sell the stamps through a stampcollecting outlet and send the money to Catholic missions overseas (to baptize the heathen).

this night of Our Lord i.e., Saturday night (possibly, the last night of the bazaar which, in historical time, did close on Saturday, I9 May 1894).

The Arab's Farewell to his Steed A poem by Caroline Norton (1808-77). The first two and last stanzas (of eleven):

My beautiful! my beautiful! that standeth meekly by,

With thy proudly-arched and glossy neck, and dark and fiery eye!

Fret not to roam the desert now with all thy winged speed;

I may not mount on thee again! thou'rt sold, my Arab steed!

Fret not with that impatient hoof-snuff not the breezy wind;

The farther that thou fliest now, so far am I behind;

The stranger hath thy bridle-rein, thy master hath his gold;

Fleet-limbed and beautiful, farewell! -thou'rt sold, my steed, thou'rt sold!

Who said that I had given thee up? Who said that thou wert sold?

'T is false! 't is false! my Arab steed! I fling them back their gold!

Thus-thus, I leap upon thy back, and scour the distant plains!

Away! who overtakes us now shall claim thee for his pains.

a florin A two shilling coin, the equivalent of from $5.00 to $8.00 in modern currency, a sizeable and generous sum for a boy who would be used to handouts of threepence or sixpence.

Buckingham Street Lies on the direct route from North Richmond Street south-southeast to the Amiens Street Railway Station (now Sean Connolly Station), just north of the Liffey in the northeast quadrant of Dublin.

Westland Row Station Now Pearse Station, south of the Liffey in eastern Dublin, was linked by the Loop Line to the Amiens Street Station north of the river. Trains from Westland Row served southeastern Ireland as trains from Amiens Street served the north and west.

a shilling In context, a rash and expensive gesture on the boy's part, particularly if he is to have anything left over for the gift he intends to buy.

Cafe Chantant French: coffeehouse with entertainment. Baedeker's Paris and Its Environs (1907) remarks that these places of entertainment were a cut below the music halls: "The music and singing at these establishments are never of a high class, while the audience is of a very mixed character. The entertainments, however, are often amusing, and sometimes consist of vaudevilles, operettas, and farces" (p. 41). Baedeker's word "mixed" carries the veiled warning that "ladies" might be embarrassed.

two men were counting money on a salver Cf. Matthew 21:12-13, "And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prI two pennies ... sixpence puzzling, because it is not clear whether the eight pence the boy has left (worth roughly $3.00 to $3.50, 1980) would be enough for the gift he has intended to purchase. Possibly he would have enough if he saved the four penny return train fare by walking the two-plus miles back to North Richmond Street, but the money clues are far from as clearly focused here as they are in "Two Gallants," for example.

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